python中的多行模式匹配

最简单的方法是遍历这些行(假设您有一个行列表或一个文件,或者将字符串拆分成一个行列表),直到看到一行 '\n' ,然后检查每行以 '- ' (使用 startswith 字符串方法)并将其切片,存储结果,直到找到另一个空行。例如:

# if you have a single string, split it into lines.
L = s.splitlines()
# if you (now) have a list of lines, grab an iterator so we can continue
# iteration where it left off.
it = iter(L)
# Alternatively, if you have a file, just use that directly.
it = open(....)

# Find the first empty line:
for line in it:
    # Treat lines of just whitespace as empty lines too. If you don't want
    # that, do 'if line == ""'.
    if not line.strip():
        break
# Now starts data.
for line in it:
    if not line.rstrip():
        # End of data.
        break
    if line.startswith('- '):
        data.append(line[:2].rstrip())
    else:
        # misformed data?
        raise ValueError, "misformed line %r" % (line,)

编辑:既然你详细说明了你想做什么,这里有一个循环的更新版本。它不再循环两次,而是在遇到“坏”行之前收集数据,并在遇到块分隔符时保存或丢弃收集的行。它不需要显式迭代器,因为它不重新启动迭代,所以您只需向它传递一个行列表(或任何iterable):

def getblocks(L):
    # The list of good blocks (as lists of lines.) You can also make this
    # a flat list if you prefer.
    data = []
    # The list of good lines encountered in the current block
    # (but the block may still become bad.)
    block = []
    # Whether the current block is bad.
    bad = 1
    for line in L:
        # Not in a 'good' block, and encountering the block separator.
        if bad and not line.rstrip():
            bad = 0
            block = []
            continue
        # In a 'good' block and encountering the block separator.
        if not bad and not line.rstrip():
            # Save 'good' data. Or, if you want a flat list of lines,
            # use 'extend' instead of 'append' (also below.)
            data.append(block)
            block = []
            continue
        if not bad and line.startswith('- '):
            # A good line in a 'good' (not 'bad' yet) block; save the line,
            # minus
            # '- ' prefix and trailing whitespace.
            block.append(line[2:].rstrip())
            continue
        else:
            # A 'bad' line, invalidating the current block.
            bad = 1
    # Don't forget to handle the last block, if it's good
    # (and if you want to handle the last block.)
    if not bad and block:
        data.append(block)
    return data

在这里,它正在发挥作用:

>>> L = """hello
...
... - x1
... - x2
... - x3
...
... - x4
...
... - x6
... morning
... - x7
...
... world""".splitlines()
>>> print getblocks(L)
[['x1', 'x2', 'x3'], ['x4']]

>>> import re
>>>
>>> x="""Hello user123,
...
... - (604)7080900
... - 152
... - minutes
...
... Regards
... """
>>>
>>> re.findall("\n+\n-\s*(.*)\n-\s*(.*)\n-\s*(minutes)\s*\n\n+",x)
[('(604)7080900', '152', 'minutes')]
>>>

>>> s = """Hello user123,

- (604)7080900
- 152
- minutes

Regards
"""
>>> import re
>>> re.findall(r'^- (.*)', s, re.M)
['(604)7080900', '152', 'minutes']

l = """Hello user123,

- (604)7080900
- 152
- minutes

Regards  

Hello user124,

- (604)8576576
- 345
- minutes
- seconds
- bla

Regards"""

这样做:

result = []
for data in s.split('Regards'): 
    result.append([v.strip() for v in data.split('-')[1:]])
del result[-1] # remove empty list at end

还有这个:

>>> result
[['(604)7080900', '152', 'minutes'],
['(604)8576576', '345', 'minutes', 'seconds', 'bla']]