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合并和组?

mysql sql

Paolo Bergantino · 技术社区 · 16 年前

好吧。我有一个查询如下所示:

SELECT
    SUM(`order_items`.`quantity`) as `count`,
    `menu_items`.`name`
FROM 
    `orders`,
    `menu_items`,
    `order_items` 
WHERE 
    `orders`.`id` = `order_items`.`order_id` AND 
    `menu_items`.`id` = `order_items`.`menu_item_id` AND 
    `orders`.`date` >= '2008-11-01' AND 
    `orders`.`date` <= '2008-11-30' 
GROUP BY 
    `menu_items`.`id`

此查询的目的是显示给定日期范围内售出的商品数量。虽然这是可行的,但我现在需要它来显示 count 属于 0 如果某个特定项目在日期范围内没有销售。我试着用 COALESCE 周围 SUM 但这并没有达到我的预期。不管怎样,有人知道我会怎么做吗?我有这样的时刻,我觉得我应该知道,但我想不起来。

干杯

2 回复 | 直到 16 年前

Bill Karwin 16 年前

如果将日期条件放在 JOIN 条款。

下面是我在MySQL5.0上测试的代码。

SELECT m.name, COALESCE(SUM(oi.quantity), 0) AS count
FROM menu_items AS m
  LEFT OUTER JOIN (
    order_items AS oi JOIN orders AS o
      ON (o.id = oi.order_id)
  ) ON (m.id = oi.menu_item_id
      AND o.`date` BETWEEN '2008-11-01' AND '2008-11-30')
GROUP BY m.id;

输出:

+--------+-------+
| name   | count |
+--------+-------+
| bread  |     2 | 
| milk   |     1 | 
| honey  |     2 | 
| cheese |     0 | 
+--------+-------+

以下是DDL和设置代码,采用MySQL风格:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS menu_items;
CREATE TABLE menu_items (
  id            INT PRIMARY KEY,
  name          VARCHAR(10)
) TYPE=InnoDB;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS orders;
CREATE TABLE orders (
  id            INT PRIMARY KEY,
  `date`        DATE
) TYPE=InnoDB;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS order_items;
CREATE TABLE order_items (
  order_id      INT,
  menu_item_id  INT,
  quantity      INT,
  PRIMARY KEY (order_id, menu_item_id),
  FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES orders(id),
  FOREIGN KEY (menu_item_id) REFERENCES menu_items(id)
) TYPE=InnoDB;

INSERT INTO menu_items VALUES
  (1, 'bread'),
  (2, 'milk'),
  (3, 'honey'),
  (4, 'cheese');

INSERT INTO orders VALUES
  (1, '2008-11-02'),
  (2, '2008-11-03'),
  (3, '2008-10-29');

INSERT INTO order_items VALUES
  (1, 1, 1),
  (1, 3, 1),
  (2, 1, 1),
  (2, 2, 1),
  (2, 3, 1),
  (3, 4, 10);

Jamie Love 16 年前

兰迪的回答很接近,但是WHERE语句删除了对这些项目的任何提及,而不是该日期范围内任何订单的一部分。

请注意,“左联接”与在WHERE子句中按您所做的方式(即内部联接)链接表不同。我建议您阅读不同类型的SQL连接(内部、外部、交叉)。

在Essense中,您需要将从Randy的查询中获得的数据加入到您的项目源列表中。使用嵌套select可以做到这一点:

SELECT
    name
    , nvl(count, 0) as count
FROM 
    menu_items items 
    LEFT JOIN (
        SELECT
            menu_items.id
            , SUM(order_items.quantity) as count
        FROM 
            menu_items
            LEFT JOIN order_items ON menu_items.id = order_items.menu_item_id
            LEFT JOIN orders ON orders.id = order_items.order_id
        WHERE
            "date" between to_date('2008-11-01','YYYY-MM-DD') and to_date('2008-11-30','YYYY-MM-DD')
        GROUP BY
            menu_items.id
    ) counts on items.id = counts.id;

这是在Oracle10gbtw中。我怀疑您使用的是Oracle,所以您需要转换到您自己的数据库。

运行测试显示以下内容:

SQL> create table menu_items ( id number, name varchar2(10));
create table order_items (order_id number, menu_item_id number, quantity number);
create table orders (id number, "date" date);

Table created.

SQL> 
Table created.

SQL> 
Table created.

SQL> 
insert into menu_items values (1, 'bread');
insert into menu_items values (2, 'milk');
insert into menu_items values (3, 'honey');
insert into menu_items values (4, 'cheese');
SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
insert into orders values (1, to_date('2008-11-02', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
insert into orders values (2, to_date('2008-11-03', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));
insert into orders values (3, to_date('2008-10-29', 'YYYY-MM-DD'));SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
insert into order_items values (1, 1, 1);
insert into order_items values (1, 3, 1);
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
insert into order_items values (2, 1, 1);
insert into order_items values (2, 2, 1);
insert into order_items values (2, 3, 1);

insert into order_items values (3, 4, 10);
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> 
1 row created.

SQL> SQL> 

1 row created.

SQL> 
SELECT
    name
    , nvl(count, 0) as count
FROM 
    menu_items items 
    LEFT JOIN (
        SELECT
            menu_items.id
            , SUM(order_items.quantity) as count
        FROM 
            menu_items
            LEFT JOIN order_items ON menu_items.id = order_items.menu_item_id
            LEFT JOIN orders ON orders.id = order_items.order_id
        WHERE
            "date" between to_date('2008-11-01','YYYY-MM-DD') and to_date('2008-11-30','YYYY-MM-DD')
        GROUP BY
            menu_iteSQL>   2    3    4    5    6    7  ms.id
    ) counts on items.id = counts.id;  8    9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18  

NAME            COUNT
---------- ----------
bread               2
milk                1
honey               2
cheese              0

SQL> 
drop table menu_items;
drop table order_items;
drop table orders;SQL> 
Table dropped.

SQL> 
Table dropped.

SQL> 

Table dropped.

SQL>

PS:使用'date'作为列名是一种坏做法,因为它(在大多数情况下)是一个类型名,并且可能导致查询和解析问题。