BMP之外的JavaScript字符串

取决于你所说的支持。您当然可以使用代理将非UCS-2字符放入JS字符串中,如果可以,浏览器将显示它们。

但是,JS字符串中的每一项都是一个单独的UTF-16代码单元。语言级别不支持处理完整字符:所有标准字符串成员( length , split , slice etc)都处理代码单元,而不是字符,因此将非常高兴地拆分代理项对或保留无效的代理项序列。

如果你想要代理意识的方法,恐怕你得自己动手写了!例如:

String.prototype.getCodePointLength= function() {
    return this.length-this.split(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g).length+1;
};

String.fromCodePoint= function() {
    var chars= Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
    for (var i= chars.length; i-->0;) {
        var n = chars[i]-0x10000;
        if (n>=0)
            chars.splice(i, 1, 0xD800+(n>>10), 0xDC00+(n&0x3FF));
    }
    return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, chars);
};

我重新实现了以下方法,将每个unicode代码点视为单个字符:.length、.charCodeAt、.fromCharCode、.charAt、.indexOf、.lastIndexOf、.splice和.split。

http://jsfiddle.net/Y89Du/

if (!String.prototype.ucLength) {
    String.prototype.ucLength = function() {
        // this solution was taken from 
        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3744721/javascript-strings-outside-of-the-bmp
        return this.length - this.split(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g).length + 1;
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.codePointAt) {
    String.prototype.codePointAt = function (ucPos) {
        if (isNaN(ucPos)){
            ucPos = 0;
        }
        var str = String(this);
        var codePoint = null;
        var pairFound = false;
        var ucIndex = -1;
        var i = 0;  
        while (i < str.length){
            ucIndex += 1;
            var code = str.charCodeAt(i);
            var next = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
            pairFound = (0xD800 <= code && code <= 0xDBFF && 0xDC00 <= next && next <= 0xDFFF);
            if (ucIndex == ucPos){
                codePoint = pairFound ? ((code - 0xD800) * 0x400) + (next - 0xDC00) + 0x10000 : code;
                break;
            } else{
                i += pairFound ? 2 : 1;
            }
        }
        return codePoint;
    };
}

if (!String.fromCodePoint) {
    String.fromCodePoint = function () {
        var strChars = [], codePoint, offset, codeValues, i;
        for (i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
            codePoint = arguments[i];
            offset = codePoint - 0x10000;
            if (codePoint > 0xFFFF){
                codeValues = [0xD800 + (offset >> 10), 0xDC00 + (offset & 0x3FF)];
            } else{
                codeValues = [codePoint];
            }
            strChars.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, codeValues));
        }
        return strChars.join("");
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.ucCharAt) {
    String.prototype.ucCharAt = function (ucIndex) {
        var str = String(this);
        var codePoint = str.codePointAt(ucIndex);
        var ucChar = String.fromCodePoint(codePoint);
        return ucChar;
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.ucIndexOf) {
    String.prototype.ucIndexOf = function (searchStr, ucStart) {
        if (isNaN(ucStart)){
            ucStart = 0;
        }
        if (ucStart < 0){
            ucStart = 0;
        }
        var str = String(this);
        var strUCLength = str.ucLength();
        searchStr = String(searchStr);
        var ucSearchLength = searchStr.ucLength();
        var i = ucStart;
        while (i < strUCLength){
            var ucSlice = str.ucSlice(i,i+ucSearchLength);
            if (ucSlice == searchStr){
                return i;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return -1;
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.ucLastIndexOf) {
    String.prototype.ucLastIndexOf = function (searchStr, ucStart) {
        var str = String(this);
        var strUCLength = str.ucLength();
        if (isNaN(ucStart)){
            ucStart = strUCLength - 1;
        }
        if (ucStart >= strUCLength){
            ucStart = strUCLength - 1;
        }
        searchStr = String(searchStr);
        var ucSearchLength = searchStr.ucLength();
        var i = ucStart;
        while (i >= 0){
            var ucSlice = str.ucSlice(i,i+ucSearchLength);
            if (ucSlice == searchStr){
                return i;
            }
            i--;
        }
        return -1;
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.ucSlice) {
    String.prototype.ucSlice = function (ucStart, ucStop) {
        var str = String(this);
        var strUCLength = str.ucLength();
        if (isNaN(ucStart)){
            ucStart = 0;
        }
        if (ucStart < 0){
            ucStart = strUCLength + ucStart;
            if (ucStart < 0){ ucStart = 0;}
        }
        if (typeof(ucStop) == 'undefined'){
            ucStop = strUCLength - 1;
        }
        if (ucStop < 0){
            ucStop = strUCLength + ucStop;
            if (ucStop < 0){ ucStop = 0;}
        }
        var ucChars = [];
        var i = ucStart;
        while (i < ucStop){
            ucChars.push(str.ucCharAt(i));
            i++;
        }
        return ucChars.join("");
    };
}

if (!String.prototype.ucSplit) {
    String.prototype.ucSplit = function (delimeter, limit) {
        var str = String(this);
        var strUCLength = str.ucLength();
        var ucChars = [];
        if (delimeter == ''){
            for (var i = 0; i < strUCLength; i++){
                ucChars.push(str.ucCharAt(i));
            }
            ucChars = ucChars.slice(0, 0 + limit);
        } else{
            ucChars = str.split(delimeter, limit);
        }
        return ucChars;
    };
}

最近的JavaScript引擎 String. fromCodePoint

const ideograph = String.fromCodePoint( 0x20001 ); // outside the BMP

也是 code-point iterator ,这将获得代码点长度。

function countCodePoints( str )
{
    const i = str[Symbol.iterator]();
    let count = 0;
    while( !i.next().done ) ++count;
    return count;
}

console.log( ideograph.length ); // gives '2'
console.log( countCodePoints(ideograph) ); // '1'

Full Unicode Input 实用程序。

使用合适的工具和设置,您可以编写 var foo = '𠀁'

非BMP字符将在内部表示为代理项对,因此每个非BMP字符在字符串长度中计为2。

使用 for (c of this) 指令,可以对包含非BMP字符的字符串进行各种计算。例如,要计算字符串长度并获取字符串的第n个字符:

String.prototype.magicLength = function()
{
    var c, k;
    k = 0;
    for (c of this) // iterate each char of this
    {
        k++;
    }
    return k;
}

String.prototype.magicCharAt = function(n)
{
    var c, k;
    k = 0;
    for (c of this) // iterate each char of this
    {
        if (k == n) return c + "";
        k++;
    }
    return "";
}