这个匿名对象初始化语法有什么问题?

您正在尝试将CultureInformation的NumberFormat设置为匿名类型实例。cultureinfo.numberformat是numberformatinfo类型。所以你需要写:

Dim info As New CultureInfo(...) With { _
  .NumberFormat = New NumberFormatInfo With { ... } _
}                   ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

请先尝试此非匿名语法:

If (Not row Is Nothing) Then
     Dim numberFormat as New NumberFormat()
     numberFormat.CurrencySymbol = Conversions.ToString(row.Item("symbol"))
     numberFormat.CurrencyGroupSeparator = Conversions.ToString(row.Item("thousSep"))
     numberFormat.CurrencyDecimalSeparator = Conversions.ToString(row.Item("thousSep"))
     numberFormat.CurrencyDecimalDigits = Conversions.ToInteger(row.Item("decimals"))
     numberFormat.NumberGroupSeparator = Conversions.ToString(row.Item("thousSep"))
     numberFormat.NumberDecimalSeparator = Conversions.ToString(row.Item("thousSep"))
     numberFormat.NumberDecimalDigits = Conversions.ToInteger(row.Item("decimals"))

     Dim info As New CultureInfo(Conversions.ToString(row.Item("cultureId")))
     info.NumberFormat = numberFormat

     hashtable.Add(key, info)
End If

如果有效,请尝试一步一步地将其重构回所需的语法。在每个步骤中,检查代码是否仍然有效。如果没有,那么你已经找到了你的问题,你可以尝试找到解决的办法。