String.Iterator
(隐含地)定义为
typealias Iterator = IndexingIterator<String>
以及错误消息
意味着我们必须将扩展方法定义为
extension IndexingIterator where Elements == String { }
extension IndexingIterator where Elements: StringProtocol { }
extension IndexingIterator where Elements.Element == Character { }
在扩展方法中,相应的成员定义为
public struct IndexingIterator<Elements : Collection> {
internal let _elements: Elements
internal var _position: Elements.Index
// ...
}
extension IndexingIterator where Elements.Element == Character {
mutating func next(_ wanted: Character) -> Character? {
while let c = next() {
if c == wanted { return c }
}
return nil
}
mutating func next(where predicate: ((Character) -> Bool)) -> Character? {
while let c = next() {
if predicate(c) { return c }
}
return nil
}
}
用法示例:
var it1 = "ABCDABCE".makeIterator()
print(it1.next("C") as Any) // Optional("C")
print(it1.next() as Any) // Optional("D")
print(it1.next("C") as Any) // Optional("C")
print(it1.next() as Any) // Optional("E")
print(it1.next("C") as Any) // nil
var it2 = "LINnIIBDDDN".makeIterator()
while let c = it2.next(where: { "Nn".contains($0) }) {
print(c, terminator: ", ")
}
print()
// N, n, N,
但实际上我会考虑
成为一个
IndexingIterator
IteratorProtocol
取而代之的是:
extension IteratorProtocol where Element: Equatable {
mutating func next(_ wanted: Element) -> Element? {
while let e = next() {
if e == wanted { return e }
}
return nil
}
}
extension IteratorProtocol {
mutating func next(where predicate: ((Element) -> Bool)) -> Element? {
while let e = next() {
if predicate(e) { return e }
}
return nil
}
}
var it3 = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34].makeIterator()
while let e = it3.next(where: { $0 % 2 == 0} ) {
print(e, terminator: ", ")
}
print()
// 2, 8, 34,