根据建议的解决方案,我决定制定一个小型基准。
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
random_device seed;
mt19937 rnd(seed());
uniform_int_distribution<uint8_t> random_byte(0x00, 0xff);
const size_t n = 512 * 512;
vector<uint8_t> source;
source.reserve(n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) source.push_back(random_byte(rnd));
clock_t start;
clock_t t_constructor1 = 0; uint8_t c_constructor1 = 0;
clock_t t_constructor2 = 0; uint8_t c_constructor2 = 0;
clock_t t_assign = 0; uint8_t c_assign = 0;
clock_t t_copy = 0; uint8_t c_copy = 0;
clock_t t_memcpy = 0; uint8_t c_memcpy = 0;
for (size_t k = 0; k < 4; k++)
{
start = clock();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n/32; i++)
{
vector<uint8_t> destination(source);
c_constructor1 += destination[i];
}
t_constructor1 += clock() - start;
start = clock();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n/32; i++)
{
vector<uint8_t> destination(source.begin(), source.end());
c_constructor2 += destination[i];
}
t_constructor2 += clock() - start;
start = clock();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n/32; i++)
{
vector<uint8_t> destination;
destination.assign(source.begin(), source.end());
c_assign += destination[i];
}
t_assign += clock() - start;
start = clock();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n/32; i++)
{
vector<uint8_t> destination(source.size());
copy(source.begin(), source.end(), destination.begin());
c_copy += destination[i];
}
t_copy += clock() - start;
start = clock();
for (size_t i = 0; i < n/32; i++)
{
vector<uint8_t> destination(source.size());
memcpy(&destination[0], &source[0], n);
c_memcpy += destination[i];
}
t_memcpy += clock() - start;
}
// Verify that all copies are correct, but also prevent the compiler
// from optimising away the loops
uint8_t diff = (c_constructor1 - c_constructor2) +
(c_assign - c_copy) +
(c_memcpy - c_constructor1);
if (diff != 0) cout << "one of the methods produces invalid copies" << endl;
cout << "constructor (1): " << t_constructor1 << endl;
cout << "constructor (2): " << t_constructor2 << endl;
cout << "assign: " << t_assign << endl;
cout << "copy " << t_copy << endl;
cout << "memcpy " << t_memcpy << endl;
return 0;
}
在我的电脑上,使用msvc100为x64编译,经过充分优化,这会产生以下输出:
constructor (1): 22388
constructor (2): 22333
assign: 22381
copy 2142
memcpy 2146
结果非常清楚:
std::copy
表现良好
std::memcpy
,而构造函数和
assign
慢了一个数量级。当然,确切的数字和比率取决于向量大小,但msvc100的结论是显而易见的:
suggested by Rapptz
使用
标准::副本
.
编辑:
这一结论对其他编纂者来说并不明显。我也在64位Linux上进行了测试,Clang 3.2的结果如下
constructor (1): 530000
constructor (2): 560000
assign: 560000
copy 840000
memcpy 860000
GCC 4.8给出了类似的输出。对于Windows上的GCC,
memcpy
和
copy
比构造函数稍慢
分配
,尽管差异较小。然而,我的经验是GCC在Windows上的优化效果不是很好。我也测试了msvc110,结果与msvc100相似。