巨大的spreadhseet-公式计算速度慢

假设您需要进行精确的匹配查找,那么最快的公式方法是对数据进行排序,然后使用双VLOOKUP技巧。

有关详细信息,请参阅我的博客帖子: https://fastexcel.wordpress.com/2012/03/29/vlookup-tricks-why-2-vlookups-are-better-than-1-vlookup/

如果你被它困住了,最好的办法就是通过避免常见的陷阱来优化你的公式。您提到您正在使用 VLOOKUP ,为什么不试试 INDEX/MATCH combo,它更通用,速度比 VLOOKUP公司 .其他优化技术包括:

• 避免易变公式
• 使用辅助列
• 按从左到右、从上到下的顺序排列列,非常类似于阅读英文文本
• 使用结构化和命名引用
• 启用手动计算,这样即使是最轻微的更改,公式也不会每次都重新计算

您可能还想使用计时器来测量Excel计算时间,以便比较不同的方法,例如Charles Williams在Microsoft Developer Network上的一篇文章中提出的这种方法。将此代码粘贴到VBA编辑器中:

#If VBA7 Then
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function getFrequency Lib "kernel32" Alias _
        "QueryPerformanceFrequency" (cyFrequency As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function getTickCount Lib "kernel32" Alias _
         "QueryPerformanceCounter" (cyTickCount As Currency) As Long
#Else
    Private Declare Function getFrequency Lib "kernel32" Alias _                                            "QueryPerformanceFrequency" (cyFrequency As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare Function getTickCount Lib "kernel32" Alias _
        "QueryPerformanceCounter" (cyTickCount As Currency) As Long
#End If
Function MicroTimer() As Double
'

' Returns seconds.
    Dim cyTicks1 As Currency
    Static cyFrequency As Currency
    '
    MicroTimer = 0

' Get frequency.
    If cyFrequency = 0 Then getFrequency cyFrequency

' Get ticks.
    getTickCount cyTicks1                            

' Seconds
    If cyFrequency Then MicroTimer = cyTicks1 / cyFrequency 
End Function

Sub RangeTimer()
    DoCalcTimer 1
End Sub
Sub SheetTimer()
    DoCalcTimer 2
End Sub
Sub RecalcTimer()
    DoCalcTimer 3
End Sub
Sub FullcalcTimer()
    DoCalcTimer 4
End Sub

Sub DoCalcTimer(jMethod As Long)
    Dim dTime As Double
    Dim dOvhd As Double
    Dim oRng As Range
    Dim oCell As Range
    Dim oArrRange As Range
    Dim sCalcType As String
    Dim lCalcSave As Long
    Dim bIterSave As Boolean
    '
    On Error GoTo Errhandl

' Initialize
    dTime = MicroTimer              

    ' Save calculation settings.
    lCalcSave = Application.Calculation
    bIterSave = Application.Iteration
    If Application.Calculation <> xlCalculationManual Then
        Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    End If
    Select Case jMethod
    Case 1

        ' Switch off iteration.

        If Application.Iteration <> False Then
            Application.Iteration = False
        End if

        ' Max is used range.

        If Selection.Count > 1000 Then
            Set oRng = Intersect(Selection, Selection.Parent.UsedRange)
        Else
            Set oRng = Selection
        End If

        ' Include array cells outside selection.

        For Each oCell In oRng
            If oCell.HasArray Then
                If oArrRange Is Nothing Then 
                    Set oArrRange = oCell.CurrentArray
                End If
                If Intersect(oCell, oArrRange) Is Nothing Then
                    Set oArrRange = oCell.CurrentArray
                    Set oRng = Union(oRng, oArrRange)
                End If
            End If
        Next oCell

        sCalcType = "Calculate " & CStr(oRng.Count) & _
            " Cell(s) in Selected Range: "
    Case 2
        sCalcType = "Recalculate Sheet " & ActiveSheet.Name & ": "
    Case 3
        sCalcType = "Recalculate open workbooks: "
    Case 4
        sCalcType = "Full Calculate open workbooks: "
    End Select

' Get start time.
    dTime = MicroTimer
    Select Case jMethod
    Case 1
        If Val(Application.Version) >= 12 Then
            oRng.CalculateRowMajorOrder
        Else
            oRng.Calculate
        End If
    Case 2
        ActiveSheet.Calculate
    Case 3
        Application.Calculate
    Case 4
        Application.CalculateFull
    End Select

' Calculate duration.
    dTime = MicroTimer - dTime
    On Error GoTo 0

    dTime = Round(dTime, 5)
    MsgBox sCalcType & " " & CStr(dTime) & " Seconds", _
        vbOKOnly + vbInformation, "CalcTimer"

Finish:

    ' Restore calculation settings.
    If Application.Calculation <> lCalcSave Then
         Application.Calculation = lCalcSave
    End If
    If Application.Iteration <> bIterSave Then
         Application.Iteration = bIterSave
    End If
    Exit Sub
Errhandl:
    On Error GoTo 0
    MsgBox "Unable to Calculate " & sCalcType, _
        vbOKOnly + vbCritical, "CalcTimer"
    GoTo Finish
End Sub

您还可以查看“参考”下的链接,以获取优化Excel性能的更多建议和技巧。虽然在第二个链接中,它说:

“使用Excel公式计算和工作表函数通常比使用VBA用户定义函数更快。” 2

虽然如果我们讨论的是计算过程本身,这可能是正确的,但如果您在VBA中进行计算,您的输出将是静态的。因此,如果您正在进行金融建模、假设情况等,如果启用自动计算,则每分钟更改等待15分钟会很痛苦,因为公式正在积极引用单元格,监控任何更改。

希望这有帮助。。

参考文献:

Excel performance: Improving calculation performance

Excel performance: Tips for optimizing performance obstructions

Excel performance: Performance and limit improvements