如何在python中更改目录(cd)?

您可以使用以下方式更改工作目录:

import os

os.chdir(path)

使用此方法时,需要遵循两个最佳实践:

1. 捕获无效路径上的异常(windowserror、oserror)。如果抛出异常,不要执行任何递归操作,尤其是破坏性的操作。他们将在旧的道路上行动,而不是新的道路上行动。
2. 完成后返回到旧目录。这可以通过在上下文管理器中包装chdir调用来以一种异常安全的方式完成,如brian m.hunt在 his answer .

更改子进程中的当前工作目录不会更改父进程中的当前工作目录。这同样适用于Python解释器。不能使用 os.chdir() 更改调用进程的CWD。

下面是一个更改工作目录的上下文管理器示例。它比 ActiveState version 其他地方提到的,但这可以完成工作。

上下文管理器: cd

import os

class cd:
    """Context manager for changing the current working directory"""
    def __init__(self, newPath):
        self.newPath = os.path.expanduser(newPath)

    def __enter__(self):
        self.savedPath = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(self.newPath)

    def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
        os.chdir(self.savedPath)

或尝试 more concise equivalent(below) 使用 ContextManager .

例子

import subprocess # just to call an arbitrary command e.g. 'ls'

# enter the directory like this:
with cd("~/Library"):
   # we are in ~/Library
   subprocess.call("ls")

# outside the context manager we are back wherever we started.

我会用 os.chdir 这样地:

os.chdir("/path/to/change/to")

顺便说一下,如果您需要确定当前路径,请使用 os.getcwd() .

更多 here

cd() 使用生成器和修饰器很容易编写。

from contextlib import contextmanager
import os

@contextmanager
def cd(newdir):
    prevdir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(newdir))
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        os.chdir(prevdir)

然后,即使在引发异常之后,也会还原目录:

os.chdir('/home')

with cd('/tmp'):
    # ...
    raise Exception("There's no place like home.")
# Directory is now back to '/home'.

如果您使用的是相对较新版本的python,那么也可以使用上下文管理器,例如 this one :

from __future__ import with_statement
from grizzled.os import working_directory

with working_directory(path_to_directory):
    # code in here occurs within the directory

# code here is in the original directory

更新

如果你喜欢自己滚:

import os
from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def working_directory(directory):
    owd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(directory)
        yield directory
    finally:
        os.chdir(owd)

os.chdir() 是正确的方法。

正如其他人已经指出的,上面的所有解决方案都只更改当前流程的工作目录。当您退出到unix shell时,这将丢失。如果你绝望了 可以 用这个可怕的黑客程序更改unix上的父shell目录:

def quote_against_shell_expansion(s):
    import pipes
    return pipes.quote(s)

def put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer(text):
    # use of this means that it only works in an interactive session
    # (and if the user types while it runs they could insert characters between the characters in 'text'!)
    import fcntl, termios
    for c in text:
        fcntl.ioctl(1, termios.TIOCSTI, c)

def change_parent_process_directory(dest):
    # the horror
    put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer("cd "+quote_against_shell_expansion(dest)+"\n")

os.chdir() 是的蟒蛇版本 cd .

进一步深入到布莱恩指出的方向 sh (1.0.8+)

from sh import cd, ls

cd('/tmp')
print ls()

如果要执行“cd…”选项,只需键入:

O.CHDIR(“…”)

它与Windows命令:cd中的相同。 当然 导入操作系统 是必需的(例如,将其作为代码的第一行键入)

import os

abs_path = 'C://a/b/c'
rel_path = './folder'

os.chdir(abs_path)
os.chdir(rel_path)

您可以同时使用os.chdir(abs_path)或os.chdir(rel_path),不需要调用os.getcwd()来使用相对路径。

#import package
import os

#change directory
os.chdir('my_path')

#get location 
os.getcwd()

另外,在这里检查操作系统包中所有其他有用的命令也是很好的。 https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html

更改脚本进程的当前目录非常简单。我认为问题实际上是如何更改命令窗口中调用Python脚本的当前目录,这非常困难。Windows中的BAT脚本或bash shell中的bash脚本可以使用普通的cd命令来执行此操作,因为shell本身就是解释器。在Windows和Linux中,python都是一个程序,任何程序都不能直接更改其父环境。然而,将简单的shell脚本与执行大多数硬操作的python脚本结合在一起可以获得所需的结果。例如,为了使扩展CD命令具有向后/向前/选择重访的遍历历史,我编写了一个简单的BAT脚本调用的相对复杂的python脚本。遍历列表存储在一个文件中,目标目录位于第一行。当python脚本返回时,bat脚本读取文件的第一行,并将其作为cd的参数。完整的BAT脚本(为了简洁起见减去注释)是:

if _%1 == _. goto cdDone
if _%1 == _? goto help
if /i _%1 NEQ _-H goto doCd
:help
echo d.bat and dSup.py 2016.03.05. Extended chdir.
echo -C = clear traversal list.
echo -B or nothing = backward (to previous dir).
echo -F or - = forward (to next dir).
echo -R = remove current from list and return to previous.
echo -S = select from list.
echo -H, -h, ? = help.
echo . = make window title current directory.
echo Anything else = target directory.
goto done

:doCd
%~dp0dSup.py %1
for /F %%d in ( %~dp0dSupList ) do (
    cd %%d
    if errorlevel 1 ( %~dp0dSup.py -R )
    goto cdDone
)
:cdDone
title %CD%
:done

python脚本dsup.py是:

import sys, os, msvcrt

def indexNoCase ( slist, s ) :
    for idx in range( len( slist )) :
        if slist[idx].upper() == s.upper() :
            return idx
    raise ValueError

# .........main process ...................
if len( sys.argv ) < 2 :
    cmd = 1 # No argument defaults to -B, the most common operation
elif sys.argv[1][0] == '-':
    if len(sys.argv[1]) == 1 :
        cmd = 2 # '-' alone defaults to -F, second most common operation.
    else :
        cmd = 'CBFRS'.find( sys.argv[1][1:2].upper())
else :
    cmd = -1
    dir = os.path.abspath( sys.argv[1] ) + '\n'

# cmd is -1 = path, 0 = C, 1 = B, 2 = F, 3 = R, 4 = S

fo = open( os.path.dirname( sys.argv[0] ) + '\\dSupList', mode = 'a+t' )
fo.seek( 0 )
dlist = fo.readlines( -1 )
if len( dlist ) == 0 :
    dlist.append( os.getcwd() + '\n' ) # Prime new directory list with current.

if cmd == 1 : # B: move backward, i.e. to previous
    target = dlist.pop(0)
    dlist.append( target )
elif cmd == 2 : # F: move forward, i.e. to next
    target = dlist.pop( len( dlist ) - 1 )
    dlist.insert( 0, target )
elif cmd == 3 : # R: remove current from list. This forces cd to previous, a
                # desireable side-effect
    dlist.pop( 0 )
elif cmd == 4 : # S: select from list
# The current directory (dlist[0]) is included essentially as ESC.
    for idx in range( len( dlist )) :
        print( '(' + str( idx ) + ')', dlist[ idx ][:-1])
    while True :
        inp = msvcrt.getche()
        if inp.isdigit() :
            inp = int( inp )
            if inp < len( dlist ) :
                print( '' ) # Print the newline we didn't get from getche.
                break
        print( ' is out of range' )
# Select 0 means the current directory and the list is not changed. Otherwise
# the selected directory is moved to the top of the list. This can be done by
# either rotating the whole list until the selection is at the head or pop it
# and insert it to 0. It isn't obvious which would be better for the user but
# since pop-insert is simpler, it is used.
    if inp > 0 :
        dlist.insert( 0, dlist.pop( inp ))

elif cmd == -1 : # -1: dir is the requested new directory.
# If it is already in the list then remove it before inserting it at the head.
# This takes care of both the common case of it having been recently visited
# and the less common case of user mistakenly requesting current, in which
# case it is already at the head. Deleting and putting it back is a trivial
# inefficiency.
    try:
        dlist.pop( indexNoCase( dlist, dir ))
    except ValueError :
        pass
    dlist = dlist[:9] # Control list length by removing older dirs (should be
                      # no more than one).
    dlist.insert( 0, dir ) 

fo.truncate( 0 )
if cmd != 0 : # C: clear the list
    fo.writelines( dlist )

fo.close()
exit(0)

为了便于交互使用, ipython 内置了所有常见的shell命令。