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将引号中的字符串捕获为单个命令参数

discord.js node.js

GrumpyCrouton · 技术社区 · 6 年前

我正在尝试制作一个Discord机器人,它可以与服务器进行一些交互。

我已经写了一些类似的代码,但有一个大问题。这是我的代码:

if (command === "file") {

        var accusor = message.author.id;
        var username = args[0];
        var reason = args[1];
        var punishment = args[2];
        var duration = args[3];
        if(!duration) duration = "N/A";
        console.log("Returning last " + amount + " for " + username);
        request.post({url:'http://grumpycrouton.com/kismet/api/post_complaint.php', form: {accusor:accusor,search:username,reason:reason,punishment:punishment,duration:duration}}, function(err,httpResponse,body) { 
            message.reply(body); 
        });
    }

命令是 !file {playername} {reason} {punishment} {duration} ,但问题是,有时一些变量可能有多个单词。例如 {reason} 可能有点像“玩家玩得不开心”,但我的代码无法正确解析,因为参数是如何分割的。

假设输入了以下命令:

!file GrumpyCrouton "Player had a bad time" Kick "1 Day" 但是这些参数实际上会以不同的方式展开,因为第三个参数中有空格,但是正则表达式将所有参数按空格拆分,而不考虑引号。基本上,Discord会忽略引用,并将每个单词用作自己的论点,从而使 {punishment} 和 {duration} 有一个参数索引是6和7,而不是2和3,因为每个单词都算作一个参数。

我的论点是这样解读的:

const args = message.content.slice(config.prefix.length).trim().split(/ +/g);
const command = args.shift().toLowerCase();

如何使引号中的字符串作为单个参数而不是多个参数读取?

4 回复 | 直到 6 年前

TripeHound 5 年前

一个简单的正则表达式就可以做到这一点:)

const input = 'ban user "Look at what you have done!" 7d "This is another string" value';
const regex = new RegExp('"[^"]+"|[\\S]+', 'g');
const arguments = [];
input.match(regex).forEach(element => {
    if (!element) return;
    return arguments.push(element.replace(/"/g, ''));
});
console.log(arguments);

/*
 * Use a function with a spreader like:
 * doSomething(...arguments);
 */

bluecereal 6 年前

您可以找到引号的所有索引,并通过将其传递给 input.substring .像这样的方法应该有效:

const input = '!file GrumpyCrouton \"Player had a bad time\" Kick \"1 Day\"';
var raw = input;
raw = raw.split(' ');
let command = raw.splice(0, 1)[0]; // splice out the command (splice returns an array)
let user = raw.splice(0, 1)[0];    // splice out the user

let recompose = raw.join('');      // recompose the string WITHOUT any spaces

let indices = []; // find the indices of the quotation marks
for (var i in recompose) {
    let char = recompose[i];
  if (char === '"') {
    indices.push(i);
  }
}

console.log(indices, recompose);
if (indices.length == 4) { // OK!
  // use the indices to break up input string into substrings
  let reason = recompose.substring(indices[0] + 1, indices[1]);
  let punishment = recompose.substring(indices[1], indices[2]).replace('"', '');
  let duration = recompose.substring(indices[2], indices[3]).replace('"', '');
  console.log(command);
  console.log(user);
  console.log(reason);
  console.log(punishment);
  console.log(duration);
} else {
    // bad input!
}

你可以试试这段代码 jsfiddle !

Matt Pengelly 6 年前

我之所以要问这个问题,是因为我对OP有类似的要求(解析可能包含带嵌入空格的双引号参数的字符串)。然而,被接受的答案并没有满足我的需要(它去掉了空格,并对参数的数量做了太多假设)。因此,我必须设计自己的解决方案,我在这里提供,以防其他人发现它有用。

实际上有两种变体:第一种变体不允许双引号出现在生成的参数列表中;第二个做允许使用双引号( ...""... )在双引号字符串中。(实际上是我先写的这个版本) 因为Windows下的节点就是这样做的 “然后在第一个变体中减少它。

在这两个例子中 log() 函数,并从内部调用它 splitCommandLine() ,仅用于显示内部工作,可以省略。

简单双引号字符串

参数通常会在空间上拆分。
双引号字符串被视为一个参数,即使它们包含空格。
多个空间 在内部 双引号将被保留。
多个空间外部双引号它们将被视为一个空格。
如果缺少最终的收盘双引号,则将假定为该双引号。
无法在参数中输入双引号字符。

splitCommandLine( 'param1   "   param   2" param3 "param  4  " "param 5' ) ;

log( 'argv', process.argv.slice(2) ) ;

function log( n, v ) {
    console.log( n ) ;
    console.dir( v ) ;
    console.log() ;
}

function splitCommandLine( commandLine ) {

    log( 'commandLine', commandLine ) ;

    //  Find a unique marker for the space character.
    //  Start with '<SP>' and repeatedly append '@' if necessary to make it unique.
    var spaceMarker = '<SP>' ;
    while( commandLine.indexOf( spaceMarker ) > -1 ) spaceMarker += '@' ;

    //  Protect double-quoted strings.
    //   o  Find strings of non-double-quotes, wrapped in double-quotes.
    //   o  The final double-quote is optional to allow for an unterminated string.
    //   o  Replace each double-quoted-string with what's inside the qouble-quotes,
    //      after each space character has been replaced with the space-marker above.
    //   o  The outer double-quotes will not be present.
    var noSpacesInQuotes = commandLine.replace( /"([^"]*)"?/g, ( fullMatch, capture ) => {
        return capture.replace( / /g, spaceMarker ) ;
    }) ;

    log( 'noSpacesInQuotes', noSpacesInQuotes ) ;

    //  Now that it is safe to do so, split the command-line at one-or-more spaces.
    var mangledParamArray = noSpacesInQuotes.split( / +/ ) ;

    log( 'mangledParamArray', mangledParamArray ) ;

    //  Create a new array by restoring spaces from any space-markers.
    var paramArray = mangledParamArray.map( ( mangledParam ) => {
        return mangledParam.replace( RegExp( spaceMarker, 'g' ), ' ' ) ;
    });

    log( 'paramArray', paramArray ) ;

    return paramArray ;
}

使用与代码中嵌入的命令行相同的命令行运行此命令,表明它生成的输出与Node/Windows命令行解析器相同:

C:\>node test1.js param1   "   param   2" param3 "param  4  " "param 5
commandLine
'param1   "   param   2" param3 "param  4  " "param 5'

noSpacesInQuotes
'param1   <SP><SP><SP>param<SP><SP><SP>2 param3 param<SP><SP>4<SP><SP> param<SP>5'

mangledParamArray
[ 'param1',
  '<SP><SP><SP>param<SP><SP><SP>2',
  'param3',
  'param<SP><SP>4<SP><SP>',
  'param<SP>5' ]

paramArray
[ 'param1', '   param   2', 'param3', 'param  4  ', 'param 5' ]

argv
[ 'param1', '   param   2', 'param3', 'param  4  ', 'param 5' ]

带双引号的双引号字符串

与第一个例子完全相同, 除了在双引号字符串中,双引号( ..."aaa ""bbb"" ccc"... )将在解析的参数中插入双引号( aaa "bbb" ccc )。在双引号字符串之外,双引号将被忽略。这模拟了Windows下的节点解析命令行的方式(未在Unix变体上测试)。

splitCommandLine( 'param1   "   param   2" param""3 "param "" 4  " "param 5' ) ;

log( 'argv', process.argv.slice(2) ) ;

function log( n, v ) {
    console.log( n ) ;
    console.dir( v ) ;
    console.log() ;
}

function splitCommandLine( commandLine ) {

    log( 'commandLine', commandLine ) ;

    //  Find a unique marker for pairs of double-quote characters.
    //  Start with '<DDQ>' and repeatedly append '@' if necessary to make it unique.
    var doubleDoubleQuote = '<DDQ>' ;
    while( commandLine.indexOf( doubleDoubleQuote ) > -1 ) doubleDoubleQuote += '@' ;

    //  Replace all pairs of double-quotes with above marker.
    var noDoubleDoubleQuotes = commandLine.replace( /""/g, doubleDoubleQuote ) ;

    log( 'noDoubleDoubleQuotes', noDoubleDoubleQuotes ) ;

    //  As above, find a unique marker for spaces.
    var spaceMarker = '<SP>' ;
    while( commandLine.indexOf( spaceMarker ) > -1 ) spaceMarker += '@' ;

    //  Protect double-quoted strings.
    //   o  Find strings of non-double-quotes, wrapped in double-quotes.
    //   o  The final double-quote is optional to allow for an unterminated string.
    //   o  Replace each double-quoted-string with what's inside the qouble-quotes,
    //      after each space character has been replaced with the space-marker above;
    //      and each double-double-quote marker has been replaced with a double-
    //      quote character.
    //   o  The outer double-quotes will not be present.
    var noSpacesInQuotes = noDoubleDoubleQuotes.replace( /"([^"]*)"?/g, ( fullMatch, capture ) => {
        return capture.replace( / /g, spaceMarker )
                      .replace( RegExp( doubleDoubleQuote, 'g' ), '"' ) ;
    }) ;

    log( 'noSpacesInQuotes', noSpacesInQuotes ) ;

    //  Now that it is safe to do so, split the command-line at one-or-more spaces.
    var mangledParamArray = noSpacesInQuotes.split( / +/ ) ;

    log( 'mangledParamArray', mangledParamArray ) ;

    //  Create a new array by restoring spaces from any space-markers. Also, any
    //  remaining double-double-quote markers must have been from OUTSIDE a double-
    //  quoted string and so are removed.
    var paramArray = mangledParamArray.map( ( mangledParam ) => {
        return mangledParam.replace( RegExp( spaceMarker,       'g' ), ' ' )
                           .replace( RegExp( doubleDoubleQuote, 'g' ), ''  ) ;
    });

    log( 'paramArray', paramArray ) ;

    return paramArray ;
}

同样,这段代码以与Node/Windows相同的方式解析命令字符串:

C:\>node test2.js param1   "   param   2" param""3 "param "" 4  " "param 5
commandLine
'param1   "   param   2" param""3 "param "" 4  " "param 5'

noDoubleDoubleQuotes
'param1   "   param   2" param<DDQ>3 "param <DDQ> 4  " "param 5'

noSpacesInQuotes
'param1   <SP><SP><SP>param<SP><SP><SP>2 param<DDQ>3 param<SP>"<SP>4<SP><SP> param<SP>5'

mangledParamArray
[ 'param1',
  '<SP><SP><SP>param<SP><SP><SP>2',
  'param<DDQ>3',
  'param<SP>"<SP>4<SP><SP>',
  'param<SP>5' ]

paramArray
[ 'param1', '   param   2', 'param3', 'param " 4  ', 'param 5' ]

argv
[ 'param1', '   param   2', 'param3', 'param " 4  ', 'param 5' ]

Matthew 5 年前

您可以添加一个更明确的分隔符,如“|”,并使用split(“|”)

你的输入应该是:!file GrumpyCrouton |“玩家玩得不开心”| Kick |“1天”