VBA能否跨Excel实例访问?

科尼利厄斯的回答部分正确。他的代码获取当前实例,然后生成一个新实例。 获取对象

对于VBA项目,创建两个模块,一个是代码模块,另一个是带有一个名为Command1的命令按钮的窗体。您可能需要添加对Microsoft.Excel的引用。

此代码在即时窗口中显示每个正在运行的Excel实例的每个工作簿的所有名称。

'------------- Code Module --------------

Option Explicit

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

Type UUID 'GUID
  Data1 As Long
  Data2 As Integer
  Data3 As Integer
  Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

'------------- Form Module --------------

Option Explicit

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0

'Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames()
Sub Command1_Click()
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndMain As Long
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        GetWbkWindows hWndMain
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then
        Dim hWnd As Long
        hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Dim strText As String
        Dim lngRet As Long
        Do While hWnd <> 0
            strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
            lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100)

            If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then
                GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd
                Exit Sub
            End If

            hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
            Loop

        On Error Resume Next
    End If

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long) As Boolean
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim fOk As Boolean
    fOk = False

    Dim iid As UUID
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

    Dim obj As Object
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK
        Dim objApp As Excel.Application
        Set objApp = obj.Application
        Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(1).Name

        Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet
        For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(1).Worksheets
            Debug.Print "     " & myWorksheet.Name
            DoEvents
        Next

        fOk = True
    End If

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Function

我相信VBA比查尔斯想象的更强大;)

如果只有一些棘手的方法从 GetObject and CreateObject 我们会解决你的问题!

编辑:

Sub Excels()
    Dim currentExcel As Excel.Application
    Dim newExcel As Excel.Application

    Set currentExcel = GetObject(, "excel.application")
    Set newExcel = CreateObject("excel.application")

    newExcel.Visible = True
    newExcel.Workbooks.Add
    'and so on...
End Sub

我认为在VBA中,您可以访问另一个正在运行的实例中的应用程序对象 . 如果知道在另一个实例中打开的工作簿的名称,则可以获取对应用程序对象的引用。看到了吗 Allen Waytt's page

Dim xlApp As Excel.Application
Set xlApp = GetObject("c:\mypath\ExampleBook.xlsx").Application

允许我获取一个指向 ExampleBook.xlsx 打开。

我相信“ExampleBook”应该是完整的路径,至少在Excel2010中是这样的。我目前正在自己尝试,所以我会在得到更多细节后尝试更新。

如果不同的实例打开了相同的工作簿,但只有一个实例具有写访问权限,那么可能会出现复杂的情况。

多亏了这篇很棒的文章,我有了一个例程来查找当前运行在机器上的所有Excel应用程序的数组。问题是我刚刚升级到64位的Office2013,结果都出了问题。

... Declare Function ... 进入之内 ... Declare PtrSafe Function ...

Option Explicit

#If Win64 Then

    Private Declare PtrSafe Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As LongPtr, ByVal hWnd2 As LongPtr, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As LongPtr) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As LongPtr, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As LongPtr
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal dwId As LongPtr, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As LongPtr

#Else

    Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
    Private Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

#End If

Type UUID 'GUID
    Data1 As Long
    Data2 As Integer
    Data3 As Integer
    Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As LongPtr = &HFFFFFFF0

' Run as entry point of example
Public Sub Test()

Dim i As Long
Dim xlApps() As Application

    If GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps) Then
        For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps)
            If xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name <> ThisWorkbook.Name Then
                MsgBox (xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name)
            End If
        Next
    End If

End Sub

' Actual public facing function to be called in other code
Public Function GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps() As Application) As Long

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

Dim n As Long
#If Win64 Then
    Dim hWndMain As LongPtr
#Else
    Dim hWndMain As Long
#End If
Dim app As Application

    ' Cater for 100 potential Excel instances, clearly could be better
    ReDim xlApps(1 To 100)

    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        Set app = GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(hWndMain)
        If Not (app Is Nothing) Then
            If n = 0 Then
                n = n + 1
                Set xlApps(n) = app
            ElseIf checkHwnds(xlApps, app.Hwnd) Then
                n = n + 1
                Set xlApps(n) = app
            End If
        End If
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    If n Then
        ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n)
        GetAllExcelInstances = n
    Else
        Erase xlApps
    End If

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllExcelInstances" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description

End Function

#If Win64 Then
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As LongPtr) As Boolean
#Else
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As Long) As Boolean
#End If

Dim i As Integer

    For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps)
        If xlApps(i).Hwnd = Hwnd Then
            checkHwnds = False
            Exit Function
        End If
    Next i

    checkHwnds = True

End Function

#If Win64 Then
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As LongPtr) As Application
#Else
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As Long) As Application
#End If

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

#If Win64 Then
    Dim hWndDesk As LongPtr
    Dim Hwnd As LongPtr
#Else
    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    Dim Hwnd As Long
#End If
Dim strText As String
Dim lngRet As Long
Dim iid As UUID
Dim obj As Object

    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then

        Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Do While Hwnd <> 0

        strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
        lngRet = CLng(GetClassName(Hwnd, strText, 100))

        If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then

            Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

            If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(Hwnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK

                Set GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = obj.Application
                Exit Function

            End If

        End If

        Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, Hwnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
        Loop

        On Error Resume Next

    End If

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description

End Function

我也有类似的问题/目标。

所以我取了他的代码,在GetExcelObjectFromHwnd中放了一个for循环,把1改成了一个计数器。结果是我可以获得所有活动的excel工作簿,并返回我需要跨excel实例访问和访问其他WB的信息。

Type TargetWBType
    name As String
    returnObj As Object
    returnApp As Excel.Application
    returnWBIndex As Integer
End Type

对于名称,我只使用基本文件名,例如“example.xls”。这个代码片段通过在目标WB的每个WS上吐出A6的值来证明其功能。像这样:

Dim targetWB As TargetWBType
targetWB.name = "example.xls"

Call GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB)

If Not targetWB.returnObj Is Nothing Then
    Set targetWB.returnApp = targetWB.returnObj.Application
    Dim ws As Worksheet
    For Each ws In targetWB.returnApp.Workbooks(targetWB.returnWBIndex).Worksheets
        MsgBox ws.Range("A6").Value
    Next
Else
    MsgBox "Target WB Not found"
End If

所以现在ForEachLoop最初创建的整个模块看起来是这样的,我已经指出了我所做的更改。它确实有一个msgbox弹出窗口,这是我为了调试而留在代码段中的。一旦找到你的目标就把它去掉。代码:

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long

Type UUID 'GUID
  Data1 As Long
  Data2 As Integer
  Data3 As Integer
  Data4(7) As Byte
End Type

'------------- Form Module --------------

Option Explicit

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0

'My code: added targetWB
Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB As TargetWBType)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndMain As Long
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

    Do While hWndMain <> 0
        GetWbkWindows hWndMain, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB
        hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
    Loop

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

'My code: added targetWB
Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType)
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim hWndDesk As Long
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString)

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then
        Dim hWnd As Long
        hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString)

        Dim strText As String
        Dim lngRet As Long
        Do While hWnd <> 0
            strText = String$(100, Chr$(0))
            lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100)

            If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then
                GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB
                Exit Sub
            End If

            hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString)
            Loop

        On Error Resume Next
    End If

    Exit Sub

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Sub

'My code: added targetWB
Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType) As Boolean
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

    Dim fOk As Boolean
    fOk = False

    Dim iid As UUID
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid)

    Dim obj As Object
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK
        Dim objApp As Excel.Application
        Set objApp = obj.Application

        'My code
        Dim wbCount As Integer
        For wbCount = 1 To objApp.Workbooks.Count
        'End my code

            'Not my code
            Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name

            'My code
                If LCase(objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name) = LCase(targetWB.name) Then
                    MsgBox ("Found target: " & targetWB.name)
                    Set targetWB.returnObj = obj
                    targetWB.returnWBIndex = wbCount
                End If
            'End My code

            'Not my code
            Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet
            For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).Worksheets
                Debug.Print "     " & myWorksheet.name
                DoEvents
            Next

        'My code
        Next
        'Not my code

        fOk = True
    End If

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk

    Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description
End Function

我重复一遍,这是可行的,使用TargetWB类型中的变量,我可以跨Excel实例可靠地访问工作簿和工作表。

我看到的解决方案唯一的潜在问题是,如果您有多个同名的WB。现在,我相信它会返回这个名字的最后一个实例。如果我们在If中添加一个Exit,那么我相信它将返回它的第一个实例。我没有仔细地测试这一部分,因为在我的应用程序中,只有一个打开的文件实例。

为了补充James MacAdie的答案,我认为您执行redim太晚了,因为在checkHwnds函数中,您在尝试检查最大值为100的值时,会出现超出范围的错误,即使您尚未完全填充数组?我修改了下面的代码,它现在为我工作。

' Actual public facing function to be called in other code
Public Function GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps() As Application) As Long

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler

Dim n As Long
#If Win64 Then
    Dim hWndMain As LongPtr
#Else
    Dim hWndMain As Long
#End If
Dim app As Application

' Cater for 100 potential Excel instances, clearly could be better
ReDim xlApps(1 To 100)

hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)

Do While hWndMain <> 0
    Set app = GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(hWndMain)
    If Not (app Is Nothing) Then
        If n = 0 Then
            n = n + 1
            ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n)
            Set xlApps(n) = app
        ElseIf checkHwnds(xlApps, app.Hwnd) Then
            n = n + 1
            ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n)
            Set xlApps(n) = app
        End If
    End If
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString)
Loop

If n Then
    GetAllExcelInstances = n
Else
    Erase xlApps
End If

Exit Function

MyErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "GetAllExcelInstances" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description

End Function