在Vulkan的RenderPass中,我似乎还有另一个问题。
在绘制场景时,我首先提交一个commandbuffer,以使用立方体贴图上的大气散射渲染天空,然后使用该立方体贴图绘制天空和太阳。
绘制skybox并将其存储到立方体贴图中进行采样时使用的renderpass:
m_pFrameBuffer = rhi->CreateFrameBuffer();
VkImageView attachment = m_RenderTexture->View();
VkAttachmentDescription attachDesc = CreateAttachmentDescription(
m_RenderTexture->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
m_RenderTexture->Samples()
);
VkAttachmentReference colorRef = { 0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
std::array<VkSubpassDependency, 2> dependencies;
dependencies[0] = CreateSubPassDependency(
VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
0,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
);
dependencies[1] = CreateSubPassDependency(
0,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
);
VkSubpassDescription subpassDesc = { };
subpassDesc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpassDesc.pColorAttachments = &colorRef;
subpassDesc.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderpassCi = { };
renderpassCi.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderpassCi.attachmentCount = 1;
renderpassCi.pAttachments = &attachDesc;
renderpassCi.dependencyCount = static_cast<u32>(dependencies.size());
renderpassCi.pDependencies = dependencies.data();
renderpassCi.subpassCount = 1;
renderpassCi.pSubpasses = &subpassDesc;
VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferCi = { };
framebufferCi.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
framebufferCi.height = kTextureSize;
framebufferCi.width = kTextureSize;
framebufferCi.attachmentCount = 1;
framebufferCi.layers = 1;
framebufferCi.pAttachments = &attachment;
m_pFrameBuffer->Finalize(framebufferCi, renderpassCi);
渲染skybox并将其存储到立方体贴图中后,我使用以下renderpass在渲染场景中对天空进行采样。此过程使用VK\u LOAD\u OP\u LOAD,以便在将skybox绘制到渲染场景上时不清除渲染场景:
Texture* pbrColor = gResources().GetRenderTexture(PBRColorAttachStr);
Texture* pbrNormal = gResources().GetRenderTexture(PBRNormalAttachStr);
Texture* pbrPosition = gResources().GetRenderTexture(PBRPositionAttachStr);
Texture* pbrRoughMetal = gResources().GetRenderTexture(PBRRoughMetalAttachStr);
Texture* pbrDepth = gResources().GetRenderTexture(PBRDepthAttachStr);
Texture* RTBright = gResources().GetRenderTexture(RenderTargetBrightStr);
std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 6> attachmentDescriptions;
VkSubpassDependency dependenciesNative[2];
attachmentDescriptions[0] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
pbrColor->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
pbrColor->Samples()
);
attachmentDescriptions[1] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
pbrNormal->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
pbrNormal->Samples()
);
attachmentDescriptions[2] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
RTBright->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
RTBright->Samples()
);
attachmentDescriptions[3] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
pbrPosition->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
pbrPosition->Samples()
);
attachmentDescriptions[4] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
pbrRoughMetal->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
pbrRoughMetal->Samples()
);
attachmentDescriptions[5] = CreateAttachmentDescription(
pbrDepth->Format(),
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
pbrDepth->Samples()
);
dependenciesNative[0] = CreateSubPassDependency(
VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
0,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
);
dependenciesNative[1] = CreateSubPassDependency(
0,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
);
std::array<VkAttachmentReference, 5> attachmentColors;
VkAttachmentReference attachmentDepthRef = { static_cast<u32>(attachmentColors.size()), VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
attachmentColors[0].attachment = 0;
attachmentColors[0].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
attachmentColors[1].attachment = 1;
attachmentColors[1].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
attachmentColors[2].attachment = 2;
attachmentColors[2].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
attachmentColors[3].attachment = 3;
attachmentColors[3].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
attachmentColors[4].attachment = 4;
attachmentColors[4].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpass.colorAttachmentCount = static_cast<u32>(attachmentColors.size());
subpass.pColorAttachments = attachmentColors.data();
subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &attachmentDepthRef;
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderpassCI = CreateRenderPassInfo(
static_cast<u32>(attachmentDescriptions.size()),
attachmentDescriptions.data(),
2,
dependenciesNative,
1,
&subpass
);
VkResult result =
vkCreateRenderPass(rhi->LogicDevice()->Native(), &renderpassCI, nullptr, &m_SkyboxRenderPass);
这是用于在场景中渲染天空的命令缓冲区。我在渲染场景后提交此commandbuffer,以利用早期z拒绝:
if (m_pSkyboxCmdBuffer) {
m_pRhi->DeviceWaitIdle();
m_pSkyboxCmdBuffer->Reset(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
}
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = { };
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
CommandBuffer* buf = m_pSkyboxCmdBuffer;
FrameBuffer* skyFrameBuffer = gResources().GetFrameBuffer(PBRFrameBufferStr);
GraphicsPipeline* skyPipeline = gResources().GetGraphicsPipeline(SkyboxPipelineStr);
DescriptorSet* global = m_pGlobal->Set();
DescriptorSet* skybox = gResources().GetDescriptorSet(SkyboxDescriptorSetStr);
VkDescriptorSet descriptorSets[] = {
global->Handle(),
skybox->Handle()
};
buf->Begin(beginInfo);
std::array<VkClearValue, 6> clearValues;
clearValues[0].color = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
clearValues[1].color = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
clearValues[2].color = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
clearValues[3].color = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
clearValues[4].color = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
clearValues[5].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };
VkViewport viewport = {};
viewport.height = (r32)m_pWindow->Height();
viewport.width = (r32)m_pWindow->Width();
viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
viewport.y = 0.0f;
viewport.x = 0.0f;
VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderBegin = { };
renderBegin.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
renderBegin.framebuffer = skyFrameBuffer->Handle();
renderBegin.renderPass = m_pSky->GetSkyboxRenderPass();
renderBegin.clearValueCount = static_cast<u32>(clearValues.size());
renderBegin.pClearValues = clearValues.data();
renderBegin.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
renderBegin.renderArea.extent = m_pRhi->SwapchainObject()->SwapchainExtent();
buf->BeginRenderPass(renderBegin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
buf->SetViewPorts(0, 1, &viewport);
buf->BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, skyPipeline->Pipeline());
buf->BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, skyPipeline->Layout(), 0, 2, descriptorSets, 0, nullptr);
VertexBuffer* vertexbuffer = m_pSky->GetSkyboxVertexBuffer();
IndexBuffer* idxBuffer = m_pSky->GetSkyboxIndexBuffer();
VkDeviceSize offsets[] = { 0 };
VkBuffer vert = vertexbuffer->Handle()->NativeBuffer();
VkBuffer ind = idxBuffer->Handle()->NativeBuffer();
buf->BindVertexBuffers(0 , 1, &vert, offsets);
buf->BindIndexBuffer(ind, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
buf->DrawIndexed(idxBuffer->IndexCount(), 1, 0, 0, 0);
buf->EndRenderPass();
buf->End();
最后,我在渲染函数中提交它:
VkCommandBuffer offscreenCmd = m_Offscreen._CmdBuffers[m_Offscreen._CurrCmdBufferIndex]->Handle();
VkCommandBuffer skyBuffers[] = { m_Offscreen._CmdBuffers[m_Offscreen._CurrCmdBufferIndex]->Handle(), m_pSky->CmdBuffer()->Handle() };
VkSemaphore skyWaits[] = { m_Offscreen._Semaphore->Handle(), m_pSky->SignalSemaphore()->Handle() };
VkSemaphore waitSemas[] = { m_pRhi->SwapchainObject()->ImageAvailableSemaphore() };
VkSemaphore signalSemas[] = { m_Offscreen._Semaphore->Handle() };
VkSemaphore shadowSignal[] = { m_Offscreen._ShadowSema->Handle() };
VkPipelineStageFlags waitFlags[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT };
VkSubmitInfo offscreenSI = {};
offscreenSI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
offscreenSI.pCommandBuffers = &offscreenCmd;
offscreenSI.commandBufferCount = 1;
offscreenSI.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
offscreenSI.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemas;
offscreenSI.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
offscreenSI.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemas;
offscreenSI.pWaitDstStageMask = waitFlags;
VkSubmitInfo skyboxSI = offscreenSI;
VkSemaphore skyboxWaits[] = { m_Offscreen._Semaphore->Handle() };
VkSemaphore skyboxSignal[] = { m_SkyboxFinished->Handle() };
VkCommandBuffer skyboxCmd = m_pSkyboxCmdBuffer->Handle();
skyboxSI.commandBufferCount = 1;
skyboxSI.pCommandBuffers = &skyboxCmd;
skyboxSI.pSignalSemaphores = skyboxSignal;
skyboxSI.pWaitSemaphores = skyboxWaits;
VkSubmitInfo hdrSI = offscreenSI;
VkSemaphore hdrWaits[] = { m_SkyboxFinished->Handle() };
VkSemaphore hdrSignal[] = { m_HDR._Semaphore->Handle() };
VkCommandBuffer hdrCmd = m_HDR._CmdBuffers[m_HDR._CurrCmdBufferIndex]->Handle();
hdrSI.pCommandBuffers = &hdrCmd;
hdrSI.pSignalSemaphores = hdrSignal;
hdrSI.pWaitSemaphores = hdrWaits;
VkSemaphore waitSemaphores = m_HDR._Semaphore->Handle();
if (!m_HDR._Enabled) waitSemaphores = m_Offscreen._Semaphore->Handle();
UpdateMaterials();
BeginFrame();
while (m_Offscreen._CmdBuffers[m_HDR._CurrCmdBufferIndex]->Recording() || !m_pRhi->CmdBuffersComplete()) {}
if (m_pLights->PrimaryShadowEnabled()) {
VkCommandBuffer shadowbuf[] = { m_Offscreen._ShadowCmdBuffers[m_Offscreen._CurrCmdBufferIndex]->Handle() };
VkSubmitInfo shadowSubmit = { };
shadowSubmit.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
shadowSubmit.pCommandBuffers = shadowbuf;
shadowSubmit.commandBufferCount = 1;
shadowSubmit.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
shadowSubmit.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
shadowSubmit.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemas;
shadowSubmit.pSignalSemaphores = shadowSignal;
shadowSubmit.pWaitDstStageMask = waitFlags;
m_pRhi->GraphicsSubmit(shadowSubmit);
offscreenSI.pWaitSemaphores = shadowSignal;
}
if (m_pSky->NeedsRendering()) {
skyboxSI.waitSemaphoreCount = 2;
skyboxSI.pWaitSemaphores = skyWaits;
offscreenSI.commandBufferCount = 2;
offscreenSI.signalSemaphoreCount = 2;
offscreenSI.pSignalSemaphores = skyWaits;
offscreenSI.pCommandBuffers = skyBuffers;
m_pSky->MarkClean();
}
m_pRhi->GraphicsSubmit(offscreenSI);
m_pRhi->GraphicsSubmit(skyboxSI);
if (m_HDR._Enabled) m_pRhi->GraphicsSubmit(hdrSI);
VkSemaphore signal = m_pRhi->GraphicsFinishedSemaphore();
VkSemaphore uiSig = m_pUI->Signal()->Handle();
m_pRhi->SubmitCurrSwapchainCmdBuffer(1, &waitSemaphores, 1, &signal);
RenderOverlay();
EndFrame();
在Nvidia GTX 870M上,结果似乎与预期一样,
然而,使用Intel HD Graphics 620,我得到了这个屏幕截图,很遗憾,我无法在这里显示,因为它太大了:
https://github.com/CheezBoiger/Recluse-Game/blob/master/Regression/Shaders/ForwardPass.png
似乎之前帧中的场景未清除到颜色附件上,就好像它渲染到一个单独的曲面上并使用该曲面,但应该在渲染开始时清除每个帧。。。
删除VK\u LOAD\u OP\u LOAD并替换为VK\u LOAD\u OP\u CLEAR,情况会清除,但是,仅渲染skybox。。。我想知道我的渲染过程是否没有执行需要在英特尔硬件上执行的操作,或者我是否打算将skybox绘制到渲染场景上,但完全错误?
非常感谢您的帮助。
*更新*
问题已修复,下面由@Ekzuzy解决。
修复后英特尔硬件上的最终映像:
