在Java SE上运行单元测试时使用CDI with Weld的不满意依赖关系

我有一个小的(Java SE) 11.x )我正在用焊接测试CDI的项目。我有这些依赖项(除其他外,这些是与此问题相关的):

implementation("org.jboss.weld.se:weld-se-core:4.0.0.Final")

runtimeOnly("javax:javaee-api:8.0.1")

testImplementation("org.jboss.weld:weld-junit5:2.0.2.Final")

然后我有一个简单的实体类:

@Entity
@Table(name = "spell_books")
public final class SpellBook extends AbstractPersistable {
  @Id
  @GeneratedValue(generator = "uuid2")
  @GenericGenerator(name = "uuid2", strategy = "uuid2")
  @Column(name = "id", nullable = false, updatable = false)
  private UUID id;

  @Column(name = "name")
  private String name;

  // ...some one-to-many and many-to-may relationships

  public SpellBook() { // No-args constructor required by JPA
    spells = new LinkedList<>();
    wizards = new LinkedList<>();
  }

  public SpellBook(final String name) {
    this();
    this.name = name;
  }

  public void add(final Spell spell) {
    spell.setSpellBook(this);
    spells.add(spell);
  }
}

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class AbstractPersistable implements Serializable {
  @Version
  @Column(name = "version")
  private Long version;
}

...以及一个与数据库接口的DAO类:

import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2;

@Log4j2
@Singleton
public class SpellBookDao extends AbstractJpaDao<SpellBook> {
  public Optional<SpellBook> findByName(final String name) {
    logger.debug("Searching spell book with name [{}]...", name);
    final var builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
    final var criteria = builder.createQuery(clazz);
    final var model = criteria.from(clazz);
    criteria.select(model).where(builder.equal(model.get("name"), name));
    return Optional.ofNullable(entityManager.createQuery(criteria.select(model)).getSingleResult());
  }
}

@Log4j2
public abstract class AbstractJpaDao<T extends AbstractPersistable> {
  @PersistenceContext
  protected EntityManager entityManager;

  protected Class<T> clazz;

  public void setClazz(final Class<T> clazz) {
    this.clazz = clazz;
  }

  // ...some defaults for persist, merge, findAll, findOne, etc.
}

我想做的是为DAO类编写一个简单的单元测试:

import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import org.acme.service_layer.persistence.SpellBookDao;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.jboss.weld.junit5.EnableWeld;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.util.UUID;

@EnableWeld
final class SpellBookDaoTest {
  @Inject
  private SpellBookDao dao;

  @Test
  void findByName_WhenSpellBookExists() {
    final var optional = dao.findByName("The Dark Lord Ascending");
    Assertions.assertThat(optional)
        .hasValueSatisfying(it -> {
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getId()).isEqualTo(UUID.fromString("715811c9-ae11-41ec-8652-671fd88cd2a0"));
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getName()).isEqualTo("The Dark Lord Ascending");
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getSpells()).isEmpty();
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getWizards()).isEmpty();
          // ...
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getVersion()).isEqualTo(0L);
        });
  }
}

此stacktrace总是失败:

WELD-001408: Unsatisfied dependencies for type SpellBookDao with qualifiers @Default
  at injection point [BackedAnnotatedField] @Inject private org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao
  at org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao(SpellBookDaoTest.java:0)

org.jboss.weld.exceptions.DeploymentException: WELD-001408: Unsatisfied dependencies for type SpellBookDao with qualifiers @Default
  at injection point [BackedAnnotatedField] @Inject private org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao
  at org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao(SpellBookDaoTest.java:0)

    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.Validator.validateInjectionPointForDeploymentProblems(Validator.java:378)

...many more here

我已经搜索了很多类似的问题/答案,但仍然不知道我做错了什么。有什么建议吗?

顺便说一句,我有一个 main/resources/META-INF/beans.xml 和 test/resources/META-INF/beans.xml .两者的内容相同:

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_2_0.xsd"
    bean-discovery-mode="all">
  <scan>
    <exclude name="org.jboss.weld.**" />
  </scan>
</beans>