使用LiveData、RxJava/RxKotlin和Spek的Android测试中的片状

设置:

@PerFragment
class SomeViewModel @Inject constructor(private val someActionUseCase: SomeActionUseCase,
                                        someUpdateStateUseCase: SomeUpdateStateUseCase) : ViewModel() {

    private val someState = MutableLiveData<SomeState>()

    private val stateSubscription: Disposable

    // region Lifecycle
    init {
        stateSubscription = someUpdateStateUseCase.state()
                .subscribeIoObserveMain() // extension function
                .subscribe { newState ->
                    someState.value = newState
                })
    }

    override fun onCleared() {
        stateSubscription.dispose()

        super.onCleared()
    }
    // endregion

    // region Public Functions
    fun someState() = someState

    fun someAction(someValue: Boolean) {
        val someNewValue = if (someValue) "This" else "That"

        someActionUseCase.someAction(someNewValue)
    }
    // endregion
}

更新状态用例:

@Singleton
class UpdateSomeStateUseCase @Inject constructor(
            private var state: SomeState = initialState) {

    private val statePublisher: PublishProcessor<SomeState> = 
            PublishProcessor.create()

    fun update(state: SomeState) {
        this.state = state

        statePublisher.onNext(state)
    }

    fun state(): Observable<SomeState> = statePublisher.toObservable()
                                                       .startWith(state)
}

我们使用Spek进行单元测试。

@RunWith(JUnitPlatform::class)
class SomeViewModelTest : SubjectSpek<SomeViewModel>({

    setRxSchedulersTrampolineOnMain()

    var mockSomeActionUseCase = mock<SomeActionUseCase>()
    var mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase = mock<SomeUpdateStateUseCase>()

    var liveState = MutableLiveData<SomeState>()

    val initialState = SomeState(initialValue)
    val newState = SomeState(newValue)

    val behaviorSubject = BehaviorSubject.createDefault(initialState)

    subject {
        mockSomeActionUseCase = mock()
        mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase = mock()

        whenever(mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase.state()).thenReturn(behaviorSubject)

        SomeViewModel(mockSomeActionUseCase, mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase).apply {
            liveState = state() as MutableLiveData<SomeState>
        }
    }

    beforeGroup { setTestRxAndLiveData() }
    afterGroup { resetTestRxAndLiveData() }

    context("some screen") {
        given("the action to open the screen") {
            on("screen opened") {
                subject
                behaviorSubject.startWith(initialState)

                it("displays the initial state") {
                    assertEquals(liveState.value, initialState)
                }
            }
        }

        given("some setup") {
            on("some action") {
                it("does something") {
                    subject.doSomething(someValue)

                    verify(mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase).someAction(someOtherValue)
                }
            }

            on("action updating the state") {
                it("displays new state") {
                    behaviorSubject.onNext(newState)

                    assertEquals(liveState.value, newState)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

起初,我们使用的是可观察对象,而不是行为主体:

var observable = Observable.just(initialState)
...
whenever(mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase.state()).thenReturn(observable)
...
observable = Observable.just(newState)
assertEquals(liveState.value, newState)

val behaviorSubject = BehaviorSubject.createDefault(initialState)
...
whenever(mockSomeUpdateStateUseCase.state()).thenReturn(behaviorSubject)
...
behaviorSubject.onNext(newState)
assertEquals(liveState.value, newState)

但是单元测试是不可靠的。大多数情况下,他们会通过(总是在孤立运行时),但有时他们会失败时,运行整个套装。我们认为这与Rx的异步性质有关,我们将其转移到behaviorSubject,以便能够控制onNext()何时发生。当我们在本地机器上从AndroidStudio运行它们时,测试现在通过了,但是在构建机器上它们仍然不稳定。重新启动构建通常会使它们通过。

失败的测试总是那些我们断言LiveData值的测试。所以嫌疑犯是LiveData,Rx,Spek或者他们的组合。

使用的帮助程序和扩展函数:

fun instantTaskExecutorRuleStart() =
        ArchTaskExecutor.getInstance().setDelegate(object : TaskExecutor() {
            override fun executeOnDiskIO(runnable: Runnable) {
                runnable.run()
            }

            override fun isMainThread(): Boolean {
                return true
            }

            override fun postToMainThread(runnable: Runnable) {
                runnable.run()
            }
        })

fun instantTaskExecutorRuleFinish() = ArchTaskExecutor.getInstance().setDelegate(null)

fun setRxSchedulersTrampolineOnMain() = RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler { Schedulers.trampoline() }

fun setTestRxAndLiveData() {
    setRxSchedulersTrampolineOnMain()
    instantTaskExecutorRuleStart()
}

fun resetTestRxAndLiveData() {
    RxAndroidPlugins.reset()
    instantTaskExecutorRuleFinish()
}

fun <T> Observable<T>.subscribeIoObserveMain(): Observable<T> =
        subscribeOnIoThread().observeOnMainThread()

fun <T> Observable<T>.subscribeOnIoThread(): Observable<T> = subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())

fun <T> Observable<T>.observeOnMainThread(): Observable<T> =
        observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())