Python-递归查找和替换文本文件中字符串的方法

退房 os.walk :

import os
replacement = """some
multi-line string"""
for dname, dirs, files in os.walk("some_dir"):
    for fname in files:
        fpath = os.path.join(dname, fname)
        with open(fpath) as f:
            s = f.read()
        s = s.replace("{$replace}", replacement)
        with open(fpath, "w") as f:
            f.write(s)

上面的解决方案有缺陷,比如它打开了它找到的每个文件,或者每个文件都被完全读取到内存中(如果你有一个1GB的文本文件,这会很糟糕),但是它应该是一个很好的起点。

你可能还想调查一下 re module 如果您想要执行比查找特定字符串更复杂的查找/替换。

步行很好。但是,看起来您需要对文件类型进行文件管理(如果您要遍历某个目录,我建议您这样做)。为此,您应该添加 import fnmatch .

import os, fnmatch
def findReplace(directory, find, replace, filePattern):
    for path, dirs, files in os.walk(os.path.abspath(directory)):
        for filename in fnmatch.filter(files, filePattern):
            filepath = os.path.join(path, filename)
            with open(filepath) as f:
                s = f.read()
            s = s.replace(find, replace)
            with open(filepath, "w") as f:
                f.write(s)

这允许您执行以下操作:

findReplace("some_dir", "find this", "replace with this", "*.txt")

对于那些使用 蟒蛇3.5+ 你现在可以使用 glob 递归地使用 ** 以及 recursive 旗帜。

下面是一个替换 hello 具有 world 为所有人 .txt 文件夹:

for filepath in glob.iglob('./**/*.txt', recursive=True):
    with open(filepath) as file:
        s = file.read()
    s = s.replace('hello', 'world')
    with open(filepath, "w") as file:
        file.write(s)

避免重复 .svn 目录, os.walk() 允许您更改 dirs 就地列出。为了简化文件中的文本替换,而不需要在内存中读取整个文件,可以使用 fileinput module . 要使用文件模式筛选文件名,可以使用 fnmatch module 作为 suggested by @David Sulpy :

#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import fnmatch
import os
from fileinput import FileInput

def find_replace(topdir, file_pattern, text, replacement):
    for dirpath, dirs, files in os.walk(topdir, topdown=True):
        dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if d != '.svn'] # skip .svn dirs
        files = [os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
                 for filename in fnmatch.filter(files, file_pattern)]
        for line in FileInput(files, inplace=True):
            print(line.replace(text, replacement), end='')

find_replace(r"C:\test", "*.php", '{$replace}', "multiline\nreplacement")

苏比的回答很好,但不完整。用户可能希望通过一个entry小部件输入参数,因此我们可能会有类似的东西(也不完整,但作为练习留下):

import os, fnmatch
from Tkinter import *
fields = 'Folder', 'Search', 'Replace', 'FilePattern'

def fetch(entvals):
#    print entvals
#    print ents
    entItems = entvals.items()
    for entItem in entItems:
        field = entItem[0]
        text  = entItem[1].get()
        print('%s: "%s"' % (field, text))

def findReplace(entvals):
#    print ents
    directory = entvals.get("Folder").get()
    find = entvals.get("Search").get()
    replace = entvals.get("Replace").get()
    filePattern = entvals.get("FilePattern").get()
    for path, dirs, files in os.walk(os.path.abspath(directory)):
        for filename in fnmatch.filter(files, filePattern):
#            print filename
            filepath = os.path.join(path, filename)
            print filepath  # Can be commented out --  used for confirmation
            with open(filepath) as f:
                s = f.read()
            s = s.replace(find, replace)
            with open(filepath, "w") as f:
                f.write(s)

def makeform(root, fields):
    entvals = {}
    for field in fields:
        row = Frame(root)
        lab = Label(row, width=17, text=field+": ", anchor='w')
        ent = Entry(row)
        row.pack(side=TOP, fill=X, padx=5, pady=5)
        lab.pack(side=LEFT)
        ent.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=YES, fill=X)
        entvals[field] = ent
#        print ent
    return entvals

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Recursive S&R")
    ents = makeform(root, fields)
#    print ents
    root.bind('<Return>', (lambda event, e=ents: fetch(e)))
    b1 = Button(root, text='Show', command=(lambda e=ents: fetch(e)))
    b1.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
    b2 = Button(root, text='Execute', command=(lambda e=ents: findReplace(e)))
    b2.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
    b3 = Button(root, text='Quit', command=root.quit)
    b3.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
    root.mainloop()

这是我的代码(我认为与上面的代码相同,但我将其包括在内,以防有微妙的不同之处):

import os, fnmatch, sys
def findReplace(directory, find, replace, filePattern):
    for path, dirs, files in os.walk(os.path.abspath(directory)):
        for filename in fnmatch.filter(files, filePattern):         
            filepath = os.path.join(path, filename)
            with open(filepath) as f:
                s = f.read()
            s = s.replace(find, replace)
            with open(filepath, "w") as f:
                f.write(s)

它运行正常。 但是,文件,在 z:\test 是不变的。 我把报表打印出来,比如 print("got here") 但他们也不会打印出来。

不如用一下:

clean = ''.join([e for e in text if e != 'string'])

使用:

pip3 install manip

这允许您使用decorator创建如下内容:

@manip(at='.php$', recursive=True) # to apply to subfolders
def replace_on_php(text, find, replacement):
    return text.replace(find, replacement)

现在在你的提示下你应该可以打电话给

replace_on_php('explode', 'myCustomExplode', path='./myPhPFiles', modify=True)

这将使函数应用于整个文件夹。

多个文件字符串更改

导入全局

对于glob.glob('*.txt')中的所有文件:

for line in open(allfiles,'r'):
    change=line.replace("old_string","new_string")
    output=open(allfiles,'w')
    output.write(change)