如何在Ruby中返回数组的一部分?

是的,Ruby有非常类似于Python的数组切片语法。这里是 ri 数组索引方法的文档:

--------------------------------------------------------------- Array#[]
     array[index]                -> obj      or nil
     array[start, length]        -> an_array or nil
     array[range]                -> an_array or nil
     array.slice(index)          -> obj      or nil
     array.slice(start, length)  -> an_array or nil
     array.slice(range)          -> an_array or nil
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Element Reference---Returns the element at index, or returns a 
     subarray starting at start and continuing for length elements, or 
     returns a subarray specified by range. Negative indices count 
     backward from the end of the array (-1 is the last element). 
     Returns nil if the index (or starting index) are out of range.

        a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" ]
        a[2] +  a[0] + a[1]    #=> "cab"
        a[6]                   #=> nil
        a[1, 2]                #=> [ "b", "c" ]
        a[1..3]                #=> [ "b", "c", "d" ]
        a[4..7]                #=> [ "e" ]
        a[6..10]               #=> nil
        a[-3, 3]               #=> [ "c", "d", "e" ]
        # special cases
        a[5]                   #=> nil
        a[5, 1]                #=> []
        a[5..10]               #=> []

如果要拆分/剪切索引i上的数组,

arr = arr.drop(i)

> arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
 => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 
> arr.drop(2)
 => [3, 4, 5] 

你可以使用 slice() 为此:

>> foo = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>> bar = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
=> [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
>> half = foo.length / 2
=> 3
>> foobar = foo.slice(0, half) + bar.slice(half, foo.length)
=> [1, 2, 3, 40, 50, 60]

顺便说一下,据我所知,python“list”只是高效地实现了动态增长的数组。开始插入为O(n),结束插入为摊销O(1),随机访问为O(1)。

另一种方法是使用范围方法

foo = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
bar = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
a = foo[0...3]
b = bar[3...6]

print a + b 
=> [1, 2, 3, 40, 50 , 60]

我喜欢这个范围:

def first_half(list)
  list[0...(list.length / 2)]
end

def last_half(list)
  list[(list.length / 2)..list.length]
end

但是,要非常小心端点是否包含在您的范围内。在奇数长度的列表中,这一点非常重要,您需要在其中选择要打破中间的位置。否则,您将重复计算中间元素。

上面的示例将一致地将中间元素放在最后一半。

你也可以这样写

foo = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
bar = [10,20,30,40,50,60,70]
half = foo.length / 2
foobar = (foo.first half) + (bar.drop half)

=> [1, 2, 3, 40, 50, 60, 70]