IIUC,你可以用 melt ,

一般情况下,在panda中不鼓励循环,除非没有其他选择或者您有一个合理的用例。

d = """Column0, Column 1, Column 2, Column 3, Column 10 
   p1,        1,           2,         8,          3
   p2,        2,           4,         9,          6"""


from io import StringIO

df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(d),sep=',')

df2 = pd.melt(df,id_vars=['Column0'],var_name='Sample',value_name='Exp')

print(df2)

  Column0       Sample  Exp
0      p1     Column 1    1
1      p2     Column 1    2
2      p1     Column 2    2
3      p2     Column 2    4
4      p1     Column 3    8
5      p2     Column 3    9
6      p1   Column 10     3
7      p2   Column 10     6

pd.melt(df,id_vars=['Column0'],var_name='Sample',value_name='Exp').rename(
             columns = {'Column0' : 'NewCol',...})