代码之家 › 专栏 › 技术社区 › Vamsi Challa

Android L的涟漪效果-按钮的触摸反馈-使用XML

rippledrawable material-design android-5.0-lollipop xml android

Vamsi Challa · 技术社区 · 10 年前

我试图了解如何为按钮和其他视图实现“涟漪效果-触摸反馈”。我查看了与SO上的涟漪触摸效果相关的问题,并对其进行了一些深入了解。

import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.RadialGradient;
import android.graphics.Region;
import android.graphics.Shader;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MyButton extends Button {

    private float mDownX;
    private float mDownY;

    private float mRadius;

    private Paint mPaint;

    public MyButton(final Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
            final int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAlpha(100);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(@NonNull final MotionEvent event) {
        if (event.getActionMasked() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
            mDownX = event.getX();
            mDownY = event.getY();

            ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(this, "radius", 0,
                    getWidth() * 3.0f);
            animator.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
            animator.setDuration(400);
            animator.start();
        }
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    public void setRadius(final float radius) {
        mRadius = radius;
        if (mRadius > 0) {
            RadialGradient radialGradient = new RadialGradient(mDownX, mDownY,
                    mRadius * 3, Color.TRANSPARENT, Color.BLACK,
                    Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
            mPaint.setShader(radialGradient);
        }
        invalidate();
    }

    private Path mPath = new Path();
    private Path mPath2 = new Path();

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(@NonNull final Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        mPath2.reset();
        mPath2.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, Path.Direction.CW);

        canvas.clipPath(mPath2);

        mPath.reset();
        mPath.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius / 3, Path.Direction.CW);

        canvas.clipPath(mPath, Region.Op.DIFFERENCE);

        canvas.drawCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, mPaint);
    }
}

但是,我想使用XML方法。我如何做到这一点?我看过 this 和 this ,但我对风格还不太熟悉,所以我发现很难实现涟漪效应。

我有一个带有以下XML代码的按钮:

 <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_email"
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0.50"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="@string/email" />

如何获得此按钮的涟漪效果。如果有人能指导我,我会感激的。

[EDIT]添加ripple.xml和background.xml,如上面的链接之一所述。我在res中创建了一个drawinable-v21文件夹,并在其中添加了以下文件。

波纹.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:color="@android:color/black" >
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/background">
    </item>
</ripple>

背景.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <solid android:color="@android:color/darker_gray" />
</shape>

我为我的按钮添加了波纹作为背景,这里是我的按钮的xml。。

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button_email"
    android:layout_width="0dip"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="0.50"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:background="@drawable/ripple"
    android:text="@string/email" />

当我运行应用程序时,我得到一个ResourceNotFoundException。这是logcat痕迹。。

07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Process: com.xx.xxx, PID: 15710
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #60: Error inflating class <unknown>
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:620)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:669)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:694)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:755)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:758)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:492)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:397)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:106)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:1)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:2915)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:2511)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager$RenderState.next(LinearLayoutManager.java:1425)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.fill(LinearLayoutManager.java:999)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.onLayoutChildren(LinearLayoutManager.java:524)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.dispatchLayout(RecyclerView.java:1461)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.onLayout(RecyclerView.java:1600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onLayout(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:374)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:1983)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:1740)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:996)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:5600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:761)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:574)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:544)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:747)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5001)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:785)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:601)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:594)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    ... 50 more
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: Resource is not a Drawable (color or path): TypedValue{t=0x1/d=0x7f020075 a=-1 r=0x

7 回复 | 直到 7 年前

Gabriele Mariotti 4 年前

更新材料组件:

使用 Material Components Library 很容易施加波纹。
只需使用 MaterialButton 以及 app:rippleColor 属性:

<com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
    app:rippleColor="@color/my_selector"
    ../>

使用这样的选择器:

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_pressed="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_focused="true" android:state_hovered="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_focused="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_hovered="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary"/>

</selector>

旧答案
你可以这样做:

<Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:background="@drawable/ripple"
      
    />

其中ripple.xml为:

<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                      android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">
        <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
            <shape android:shape="oval">
                <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
            </shape>
        </item>
 </ripple>

Pacific P. Regmi 9 年前

放好 ?attr/selectableItemBackground 在API 21+的按钮背景中,如下所示:

<Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
        android:text="Button" />

akohout alaeri 8 年前

对于棒棒糖(API>21),将文件制作为可绘制的btn_ripple_effect.xml,并放入以下代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="?android:colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">
    <item android:drawable="@color/cancel_btn_clr" /> <!-- default -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
        </shape>
    </item>
</ripple>

对于预棒棒糖(API<21),在drawbable-v21文件夹中创建btn_ripple_effect.xml文件,并放入以下代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:state_pressed="true">
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/colorAccent"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>

    <item>
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/cancel_btn_clr"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>

</selector>

William 9 年前

对上述答案稍作补充:请注意,掩模颜色未以任何方式使用。

你也可以用波纹做更复杂的事情。例如,如果您希望涟漪按钮上有边框,可以将其用作图层列表。

<ripple
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">

    <!-- Note: <ripple> acts like a layer-list -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="oval">
            <!-- This color is not displayed in any way -->
            <solid android:color="@android:color/black" />
        </shape>
    </item>

    <!-- This is the border -->
    <item>
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <corners android:radius="3dp"/>
            <!-- Use your border color in place of #f00 -->
            <stroke android:width="1dp" android:color="#f00"/>
        </shape>
    </item>
 </ripple>

注意,id为的元素 @android:id/mask 仅用于显示涟漪效果停止的位置。如果您希望它覆盖整个按钮,可以更改 android:shape 成为 rectangle 。你可以想象用这个做更多有趣的事情!

此外,请确保为尚未21岁的设备提供备份,否则应用程序将在旧设备上崩溃。

Md Imran Choudhury 7 年前

最好的使用方法 android:前景 ,因为它还允许您使用自己的背景。

android:foreport=“?android:attr/selectableItemBackground”

例子:

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
    android:background="@color/button.normal"
    android:textColor="@color/white"/>

Jason Marks 9 年前

我在研究涟漪效应,因为这是我想应用到我的应用程序中的几个按钮上的东西,并发生在你的帖子中。当您的问题正在寻找如何使用XML添加涟漪效应的答案时,这实际上是我试图避免的,因为当尝试添加该属性时,您看到它需要v21。

如果目标低于v21,则新的类扩展Button(或ImageButton等)将避免编译器的投诉。

由于上面没有关于如何实现自定义类的说明,我想我会填写。您需要做的就是创建新类,然后在XML中将“Button”更改为“.package.name.MyButton”。

发件人:

 <Button
    android:id="@+id/Button"     

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

收件人:

 <the.package.name.MyButton
   android:id="@+id/Button"     

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

就是这样。现在按下按钮时,其范围内会包含一个波纹。

我喜欢这种方法,我只是希望波纹能够越过边界。对于一个小按钮来说,这种波纹效果确实突出了按钮的真正方形或矩形。从视觉上看,如果波纹一直持续到达到其整个半径,会更令人满意。

backslashN 7 年前

您可以添加 clickable 像 true 和 background 或 foreround 像 ?attr/selectableItemBackground 视图的属性:

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>

如果您的视图已经具有 出身背景 充满了一些东西,你可以 foreground 具有 selectableItemBackground

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:foreground="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>