生成深度为N的所有可能的树?

我写了一个Python程序,我想它能满足你的要求。它将返回给定起始节点的所有可能的树。本质上,它归结为一个位操作的技巧:如果一个节点有5个子节点,那么有2个子节点 ⁵

代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python

def all_combos(choices):
    """
    Given a list of items (a,b,c,...), generates all possible combinations of
    items where one item is taken from a, one from b, one from c, and so on.

    For example, all_combos([[1, 2], ["a", "b", "c"]]) yields:

        [1, "a"]
        [1, "b"]
        [1, "c"]
        [2, "a"]
        [2, "b"]
        [2, "c"]
    """
    if not choices:
        yield []
        return

    for left_choice in choices[0]:
        for right_choices in all_combos(choices[1:]):
            yield [left_choice] + right_choices

class Node:
    def __init__(self, value, children=[]):
        self.value    = value
        self.children = children

    def all_subtrees(self, max_depth):
        yield Node(self.value)

        if max_depth > 0:
            # For each child, get all of its possible sub-trees.
            child_subtrees = [list(self.children[i].all_subtrees(max_depth - 1)) for i in range(len(self.children))]

            # Now for the n children iterate through the 2^n possibilities where
            # each child's subtree is independently present or not present. The
            # i-th child is present if the i-th bit in "bits" is a 1.
            for bits in xrange(1, 2 ** len(self.children)):
                for combos in all_combos([child_subtrees[i] for i in range(len(self.children)) if bits & (1 << i) != 0]):
                    yield Node(self.value, combos)

    def __str__(self):
        """
        Display the node's value, and then its children in brackets if it has any.
        """
        if self.children:
            return "%s %s" % (self.value, self.children)
        else:
            return str(self.value)

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self)

tree = Node(1,
[
    Node(2),
    Node(3,
    [
        Node(4),
        Node(5),
        Node(6)
    ])
])

for subtree in tree.all_subtrees(2):
    print subtree

以下是测试树的图形表示:

  1
 / \
2   3
   /|\
  4 5 6

下面是运行程序的输出:

1
1 [2]
1 [3]
1 [3 [4]]
1 [3 [5]]
1 [3 [4, 5]]
1 [3 [6]]
1 [3 [4, 6]]
1 [3 [5, 6]]
1 [3 [4, 5, 6]]
1 [2, 3]
1 [2, 3 [4]]
1 [2, 3 [5]]
1 [2, 3 [4, 5]]
1 [2, 3 [6]]
1 [2, 3 [4, 6]]
1 [2, 3 [5, 6]]
1 [2, 3 [4, 5, 6]]

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=56LNfE2QGtYC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=hansel%27s+algorithm&source=bl&ots=vMbfFj-iZi&sig=E0cI5XhVZ3q1Lg9eAJ_1zYQm53U&hl=en&ei=8udlStuKJ8ehjAfJ1ZSUAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1

如果节点类型之间的唯一区别是子节点的数量,那么仅使用子节点数量最多的节点类型生成每个可能的树,也将为具有相等或更少子节点的任何组合生成每个可能的树。

有点像是一口。。。

换句话说,如果5个子节点是最大值,那么仅由5个子节点组成的一些可能树的节点将具有,例如,两个实际子节点和三个空指针。这实际上与只有两个子节点的节点相同。