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如何使用awk提取引用字段?[复制品]

awk scripting bash linux

mmonem · 技术社区 · 14 年前

这个问题已经有了答案:

Escaping separator within double quotes, in awk 3答

我正在使用

awk '{ printf "%s", $3 }'

从以空格分隔的行中提取一些字段。当然,当字段内有空格引用时,会得到部分结果。有人能提出解决办法吗?

4 回复 | 直到 9 年前

schot 14 年前

这实际上相当困难。我想出了以下几点 awk 手动拆分行并将所有字段存储在数组中的脚本。

{
    s = $0
    i = 0
    split("", a)
    while ((m = match(s, /"[^"]*"/)) > 0) {
        # Add all unquoted fields before this field
        n = split(substr(s, 1, m - 1), t)
        for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            a[++i] = t[j]
        # Add this quoted field
        a[++i] = substr(s, RSTART + 1, RLENGTH - 2)
        s = substr(s, RSTART + RLENGTH)
        if (i >= 3) # We can stop once we have field 3
            break
    }
    # Process the remaining unquoted fields after the last quoted field
    n = split(s, t)
    for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        a[++i] = t[j]
    print a[3]
}

ghostdog74 14 年前

下次显示输入文件和所需的输出。要获取引用字段,

$ cat file
field1 field2 "field 3" field4 "field5"

$ awk -F'"' '{for(i=2;i<=NF;i+=2) print $i}' file
field 3
field5

benj 10 年前

这是解决这个问题的一个可能的替代方案。它的工作原理是找到以引号开头或结尾的字段,然后将它们连接在一起。最后,它会更新字段和nf,因此如果在合并之后放置更多的模式,则可以使用所有正常的awk特性处理(新)字段。

我认为这只使用POSIXawk的特性,不依赖于gawk扩展,但我不完全确定。

# This function joins the fields $start to $stop together with FS, shifting
# subsequent fields down and updating NF.
#
function merge_fields(start, stop) {
    #printf "Merge fields $%d to $%d\n", start, stop;
    if (start >= stop)
        return;
    merged = "";
    for (i = start; i <= stop; i++) {
        if (merged)
            merged = merged OFS $i;
        else
            merged = $i;
    }
    $start = merged;

    offs = stop - start;
    for (i = start + 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        #printf "$%d = $%d\n", i, i+offs;
        $i = $(i + offs);
    }
    NF -= offs;
}

# Merge quoted fields together.
{
    start = stop = 0;
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        if (match($i, /^"/))
            start = i;
        if (match($i, /"$/))
            stop = i;
        if (start && stop && stop > start) {
            merge_fields(start, stop);
            # Start again from the beginning.
            i = 0;
            start = stop = 0;
        }
    }
}

# This rule executes after the one above. It sees the fields after merging.
{
    for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) {
        printf "Field %d: >>>%s<<<\n", i, $i;
    }
}

在输入文件上,如:

thing "more things" "thing" "more things and stuff"

它产生:

Field 1: >>>thing<<<
Field 2: >>>"more things"<<<
Field 3: >>>"thing"<<<
Field 4: >>>"more things and stuff"<<<

Alan Swindells 9 年前

如果您只是在寻找一个特定的字段,那么

$ cat file
field1 field2 "field 3" field4 "field5"

awk -F"\"" '{print $2}' file

作品。它将文件拆分为“,因此上面示例中的第二个字段就是您想要的字段。