bash函数输入$1只处理字符串的第一个字&格式问题

从shell生成JSON的理想方法是使用以下工具 jq 真正理解格式的:

json_format() {
  jq -n --arg q "$1" '{"question": $q}'
}

built-in json module 也可以用于:

json_format() {
  python -c 'import sys, json; print json.dumps({"question": sys.argv[1]})' "$1"
}

但是,如果您没有这些工具, 至少 尽最大努力逃离:

json_format() {
  local s=$1
  s=${s//'\'/'\\'}   # replace \ with \\
  s=${s//'"'/'\"'}   # replace " with \"
  s=${s//$'\n'/'\n'} # replace newline literals with \n
  printf '{\n\t"question": "%s"\n}\n' "$s"
}

…或者,要一次处理一个值:

json_format() {
  local s=$1
  s=${s//'\'/'\\'}   # replace \ with \\
  s=${s//'"'/'\"'}   # replace " with \"
  s=${s//$'\n'/'\n'} # replace newline literals with \n
  printf '%s\n' "$s"
}

…为每个要格式化的字符串单独调用,如:

cat <<EOF
{
  "question": "$(json_format "$question")",
  "image": "$(json_format "$image_url")",
  "choices": [ ],
  "correct": [ "$(json_format "$answer")" ],
  "explanation": "$(json_format "$explanation")"
}
EOF

对于天真的方法将生成有效而实际上不是有效的JSON的情况,这将正常工作。例如,考虑:

# naive string substitution will fail here because it won't escape double quotes
json_format 'How do you spell "hello" in Spanish?'

或

# naive string substitution will fail here because it won't escape the newline
json_format $'This question has\ntwo lines'

或

# naive string substitution will fail here because it won't escape the backslash
json_format 'This question ends in a backslash: \'

请注意,在以上所有内容中 引用 --它确保字符串作为单个参数传递。