用方括号语法解析python中的JSON问题

API响应被包装在一个列表中,可能是因为它可能返回了多个结果。

所以,是的,你会“在键之前加数字”(即访问数组的第零个成员);我只是要防止意外地得到多个结果,然后抓住第零个结果并继续努力。

parsed_data = json.loads(json_data)
if len(parsed_data) != 1:
    raise ValueError(f"Oops, got {len(parsed_data)} results!")
first_definition = parsed_data[0]

print(first_definition["word"], "(", first_definition["phonetic"], ")")

for meaning in first_definition["meanings"]:
    print("*", meaning["partOfSpeech"])
    for defn in meaning["definitions"]:
        print("  *", defn["definition"])
    # ... etc...

{ 和 [ 是单独的括号。第一个意思是“这里跟在一个‘对象’后面”,而第二个意思则是“这里跟着一个列表”。因此,如果粘贴从API获得的原始数据

[
  {
    "word":"handsome",
    "phonetic":"/ˈhæn.səm/",
    "phonetics": [
      {
        "text":"/ˈhæn.səm/",
      
  "audio":"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/media/pronunciations/en/handsome-uk.mp3",
        "sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9021972","license":{"name":"BY 3.0 US",
...

您有一个列表,其中包含一个对象(或可能包含多个对象)。因此,最好的做法是使用数字索引 0 以获取列表中的第一个对象。或者更好的是,首先用 len(json_load) 。

您得到的错误意味着您正试图使用字符串键访问列表项(维奇是不可能的,您只能使用int索引访问列表)。

• 您需要首先访问列表,然后才能访问内部json键值对

• json中的任何内部列表也是如此,您需要首先指定索引,然后才能访问数据

如果您从某些API获取这些数据,那么很可能您将它们作为字符串获取。因此,让我们将您的数据制作成这样的字符串:

js = '''[{"word":"handsome","phonetic":"/ˈhæn.səm/","phonetics":[{"text":"/ˈhæn.səm/","audio":"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/media/pronunciations/en/handsome-uk.mp3","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9021972","license":{"name":"BY 3.0 US","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}},{"text":"/ˈhæn.səm/","audio":"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/media/pronunciations/en/handsome-us.mp3","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1648256","license":{"name":"BY-SA 3.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}}],"meanings":[{"partOfSpeech":"verb","definitions":[{"definition":"To render handsome.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]}],"synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]},{"partOfSpeech":"adjective","definitions":[{"definition":"(of people, things, etc) Having a good appearance; good-looking.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"a handsome garment, house, tree, or horse"},{"definition":"Good, appealing, appropriate.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]},{"definition":"Generous or noble in character.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"Handsome is as handsome does."},{"definition":"Ample; moderately large.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"a handsome salary"},{"definition":"(said of things and people) Dexterous; skillful.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]}],"synonyms":["hefty","substantial","good-looking","pretty"],"antonyms":[]}],"license":{"name":"CC BY-SA 3.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"sourceUrls":["https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/handsome"]}]'''

现在

import json

jlist = json.loads(js)

print(jlist[0]["meanings"])

然而,如果您已经处理了API响应,并且具有问题中所示的数据,那么它只是:

js = [{"word":"handsome","phonetic":"/ˈhæn.səm/","phonetics":[{"text":"/ˈhæn.səm/","audio":"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/media/pronunciations/en/handsome-uk.mp3","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9021972","license":{"name":"BY 3.0 US","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}},{"text":"/ˈhæn.səm/","audio":"https://api.dictionaryapi.dev/media/pronunciations/en/handsome-us.mp3","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1648256","license":{"name":"BY-SA 3.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}}],"meanings":[{"partOfSpeech":"verb","definitions":[{"definition":"To render handsome.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]}],"synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]},{"partOfSpeech":"adjective","definitions":[{"definition":"(of people, things, etc) Having a good appearance; good-looking.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"a handsome garment, house, tree, or horse"},{"definition":"Good, appealing, appropriate.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]},{"definition":"Generous or noble in character.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"Handsome is as handsome does."},{"definition":"Ample; moderately large.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[],"example":"a handsome salary"},{"definition":"(said of things and people) Dexterous; skillful.","synonyms":[],"antonyms":[]}],"synonyms":["hefty","substantial","good-looking","pretty"],"antonyms":[]}],"license":{"name":"CC BY-SA 3.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"sourceUrls":["https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/handsome"]}]

print(js[0]["meanings"])

由于您收到的数据是一个列表,因此您可以执行以下操作:

print(type(data[0]))  # you have a dictionary now

# assign it to a variable
my_word = data[0] 

# Check the meanings 
print(my_word['meanings']) # this will print out your json