MVVM同步集合

我可能不会 确切地 了解您的需求,但是我处理类似情况的方法是在ObservableCollection上使用CollectionChanged事件,并根据需要简单地创建/销毁视图模型。

void OnApplesCollection_CollectionChanged(object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
{    
  // Only add/remove items if already populated. 
  if (!IsPopulated)
    return;

  Apple apple;

  switch (e.Action)
  {
    case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
      apple = e.NewItems[0] as Apple;
      if (apple != null)
        AddViewModel(asset);
      break;
    case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
      apple = e.OldItems[0] as Apple;
      if (apple != null)
        RemoveViewModel(apple);
      break;
  }

}

在ListView中添加/删除大量项时,可能会出现一些性能问题。

我们通过以下方法解决了这个问题:扩展ObservableCollection以获得addRange、removerange、binaryInsert方法,并添加通知其他人集合正在更改的事件。与一个扩展的CollectionViewSource一起使用,当集合更改时,它会临时断开源连接,工作得很好。

HTH

丹尼斯

我使用懒散构造的自动更新集合:

public class BasketModelView
{
    private readonly Lazy<ObservableCollection<AppleModelView>> _appleViews;

    public BasketModelView(BasketModel basket)
    {
        Func<AppleModel, AppleModelView> viewModelCreator = model => new AppleModelView(model);
        Func<ObservableCollection<AppleModelView>> collectionCreator =
            () => new ObservableViewModelCollection<AppleModelView, AppleModel>(basket.Apples, viewModelCreator);

        _appleViews = new Lazy<ObservableCollection<AppleModelView>>(collectionCreator);
    }

    public ObservableCollection<AppleModelView> Apples
    {
        get
        {
            return _appleViews.Value;
        }
    }
}

使用以下内容 ObservableViewModelCollection<TViewModel, TModel> :

namespace Client.UI
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
    using System.Collections.Specialized;
    using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
    using System.Linq;

    public class ObservableViewModelCollection<TViewModel, TModel> : ObservableCollection<TViewModel>
    {
        private readonly ObservableCollection<TModel> _source;
        private readonly Func<TModel, TViewModel> _viewModelFactory;

        public ObservableViewModelCollection(ObservableCollection<TModel> source, Func<TModel, TViewModel> viewModelFactory)
            : base(source.Select(model => viewModelFactory(model)))
        {
            Contract.Requires(source != null);
            Contract.Requires(viewModelFactory != null);

            this._source = source;
            this._viewModelFactory = viewModelFactory;
            this._source.CollectionChanged += OnSourceCollectionChanged;
        }

        protected virtual TViewModel CreateViewModel(TModel model)
        {
            return _viewModelFactory(model);
        }

        private void OnSourceCollectionChanged(object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            switch (e.Action)
            {
            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
                for (int i = 0; i < e.NewItems.Count; i++)
                {
                    this.Insert(e.NewStartingIndex + i, CreateViewModel((TModel)e.NewItems[i]));
                }
                break;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Move:
                if (e.OldItems.Count == 1)
                {
                    this.Move(e.OldStartingIndex, e.NewStartingIndex);
                }
                else
                {
                    List<TViewModel> items = this.Skip(e.OldStartingIndex).Take(e.OldItems.Count).ToList();
                    for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                        this.RemoveAt(e.OldStartingIndex);

                    for (int i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
                        this.Insert(e.NewStartingIndex + i, items[i]);
                }
                break;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
                for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                    this.RemoveAt(e.OldStartingIndex);
                break;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace:
                // remove
                for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                    this.RemoveAt(e.OldStartingIndex);

                // add
                goto case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
                Clear();
                for (int i = 0; i < e.NewItems.Count; i++)
                    this.Add(CreateViewModel((TModel)e.NewItems[i]));
                break;

            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

首先,我认为没有一个“正确的方法”可以做到这一点。这完全取决于您的应用程序。有更多正确的方法和更少正确的方法。

尽管如此,我想知道你为什么要保留这些收藏品。” 同步中 “你认为什么情况会使他们失去同步?如果你看看Josh Smith的示例代码 MSDN article on M-V-VM ,您将看到,大多数情况下,模型与视图模型保持同步,因为每次创建模型时,都会创建一个视图模型。这样地:

void CreateNewCustomer()
{
    Customer newCustomer = Customer.CreateNewCustomer();
    CustomerViewModel workspace = new CustomerViewModel(newCustomer, _customerRepository);
    this.Workspaces.Add(workspace);
    this.SetActiveWorkspace(workspace);
}

我想知道,是什么阻止你创建一个 AppleModelView 每次创建 Apple ?在我看来,这是保持这些收藏“同步”的最简单方法,除非我误解了你的问题。

你也可以在这里找到一个例子(和解释): http://blog.lexique-du-net.com/index.php?post/2010/03/02/M-V-VM-How-to-keep-collections-of-ViewModel-and-Model-in-sync

希望这有帮助

本文使用mvvm提供undo/redo,提供mirrorcollection类来实现视图模型和模型集合的同步。

http://blog.notifychanged.com/2009/01/30/viewmodelling-lists/

好吧,我很喜欢书呆子。 this answer 所以我不得不分享这个抽象工厂,我添加到它来支持我的ctor注入。

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace MVVM
{
    public class ObservableVMCollectionFactory<TModel, TViewModel>
        : IVMCollectionFactory<TModel, TViewModel>
        where TModel : class
        where TViewModel : class
    {
        private readonly IVMFactory<TModel, TViewModel> _factory;

        public ObservableVMCollectionFactory( IVMFactory<TModel, TViewModel> factory )
        {
            this._factory = factory.CheckForNull();
        }

        public ObservableCollection<TViewModel> CreateVMCollectionFrom( ObservableCollection<TModel> models )
        {
            Func<TModel, TViewModel> viewModelCreator = model => this._factory.CreateVMFrom(model);
            return new ObservableVMCollection<TViewModel, TModel>(models, viewModelCreator);
        }
    }
}

基于此:

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace MVVM
{
    public interface IVMCollectionFactory<TModel, TViewModel>
        where TModel : class
        where TViewModel : class
    {
        ObservableCollection<TViewModel> CreateVMCollectionFrom( ObservableCollection<TModel> models );
    }
}

而这:

namespace MVVM
{
    public interface IVMFactory<TModel, TViewModel>
    {
        TViewModel CreateVMFrom( TModel model );
    }
}

这里是完整性的空检查程序:

namespace System
{
    public static class Exceptions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Checks for null.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="thing">The thing.</param>
        /// <param name="message">The message.</param>
        public static T CheckForNull<T>( this T thing, string message )
        {
            if ( thing == null ) throw new NullReferenceException(message);
            return thing;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Checks for null.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="thing">The thing.</param>
        public static T CheckForNull<T>( this T thing )
        {
            if ( thing == null ) throw new NullReferenceException();
            return thing;
        }
    }
}

我已经编写了一些助手类,用于将可观察的业务对象集合包装在它们的视图模型对应物中。 here

我很喜欢280Z28的解决方案。只是一句话。是否需要为每个NotifyCollectionChangedAction执行循环?我知道操作的文档状态为“一个或多个项目”,但是由于ObservableCollection本身不支持添加或删除范围,我认为这永远不会发生。

将集合重置为默认值或匹配目标值是我经常遇到的问题

我编写了一个包含错误方法的小助手类,其中包括

public static class Misc
    {
        public static void SyncCollection<TCol,TEnum>(ICollection<TCol> collection,IEnumerable<TEnum> source, Func<TCol,TEnum,bool> comparer, Func<TEnum, TCol> converter )
        {
            var missing = collection.Where(c => !source.Any(s => comparer(c, s))).ToArray();
            var added = source.Where(s => !collection.Any(c => comparer(c, s))).ToArray();

            foreach (var item in missing)
            {
                collection.Remove(item);
            }
            foreach (var item in added)
            {
                collection.Add(converter(item));
            }
        }
        public static void SyncCollection<T>(ICollection<T> collection, IEnumerable<T> source, EqualityComparer<T> comparer)
        {
            var missing = collection.Where(c=>!source.Any(s=>comparer.Equals(c,s))).ToArray();
            var added = source.Where(s => !collection.Any(c => comparer.Equals(c, s))).ToArray();

            foreach (var item in missing)
            {
                collection.Remove(item);
            }
            foreach (var item in added)
            {
                collection.Add(item);
            }
        }
        public static void SyncCollection<T>(ICollection<T> collection, IEnumerable<T> source)
        {
            SyncCollection(collection,source, EqualityComparer<T>.Default);
        }
    }

它满足了我的大部分需求 第一个可能最适用,因为您也在转换类型

注意:这只同步集合中的元素,而不同步其中的值

同时 Sam Harwell's solution 已经很好了,有两个问题:

1. 在此注册的事件处理程序 this._source.CollectionChanged += OnSourceCollectionChanged 从未注册,即 this._source.CollectionChanged -= OnSourceCollectionChanged 遗失了。
2. 如果事件处理程序曾经附加到由 viewModelFactory ,无法知道何时可以再次分离这些事件处理程序。(或者一般来说,您不能为“销毁”准备生成的视图模型。)

因此,我提出了一个解决方案,解决Sam Harwell方法的两个(短)缺点:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Linq;

namespace Helpers
{
    public class ObservableViewModelCollection<TViewModel, TModel> : ObservableCollection<TViewModel>
    {
        private readonly Func<TModel, TViewModel> _viewModelFactory;
        private readonly Action<TViewModel> _viewModelRemoveHandler;
        private ObservableCollection<TModel> _source;

        public ObservableViewModelCollection(Func<TModel, TViewModel> viewModelFactory, Action<TViewModel> viewModelRemoveHandler = null)
        {
            Contract.Requires(viewModelFactory != null);

            _viewModelFactory = viewModelFactory;
            _viewModelRemoveHandler = viewModelRemoveHandler;
        }

        public ObservableCollection<TModel> Source
        {
            get { return _source; }
            set
            {
                if (_source == value)
                    return;

                this.ClearWithHandling();

                if (_source != null)
                    _source.CollectionChanged -= OnSourceCollectionChanged;

                _source = value;

                if (_source != null)
                {
                    foreach (var model in _source)
                    {
                        this.Add(CreateViewModel(model));
                    }
                    _source.CollectionChanged += OnSourceCollectionChanged;
                }
            }
        }

        private void OnSourceCollectionChanged(object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            switch (e.Action)
            {
                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
                    for (int i = 0; i < e.NewItems.Count; i++)
                    {
                        this.Insert(e.NewStartingIndex + i, CreateViewModel((TModel)e.NewItems[i]));
                    }
                    break;

                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Move:
                    if (e.OldItems.Count == 1)
                    {
                        this.Move(e.OldStartingIndex, e.NewStartingIndex);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        List<TViewModel> items = this.Skip(e.OldStartingIndex).Take(e.OldItems.Count).ToList();
                        for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                            this.RemoveAt(e.OldStartingIndex);

                        for (int i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
                            this.Insert(e.NewStartingIndex + i, items[i]);
                    }
                    break;

                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
                    for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                        this.RemoveAtWithHandling(e.OldStartingIndex);
                    break;

                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace:
                    // remove
                    for (int i = 0; i < e.OldItems.Count; i++)
                        this.RemoveAtWithHandling(e.OldStartingIndex);

                    // add
                    goto case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add;

                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
                    this.ClearWithHandling();
                    if (e.NewItems == null)
                        break;
                    for (int i = 0; i < e.NewItems.Count; i++)
                        this.Add(CreateViewModel((TModel)e.NewItems[i]));
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
            }
        }

        private void RemoveAtWithHandling(int index)
        {
            _viewModelRemoveHandler?.Invoke(this[index]);
            this.RemoveAt(index);
        }

        private void ClearWithHandling()
        {
            if (_viewModelRemoveHandler != null)
            {
                foreach (var item in this)
                {
                    _viewModelRemoveHandler(item);
                }
            }

            this.Clear();
        }

        private TViewModel CreateViewModel(TModel model)
        {
            return _viewModelFactory(model);
        }
    }
}

要处理这两个问题中的第一个,只需设置 Source 为了摆脱 CollectionChanged 事件处理程序。

要处理这两个问题中的第二个,只需添加 viewModelRemoveHandler 它允许“准备要销毁的对象”,例如通过删除附加到对象上的任何事件处理程序。