在Windows上获取实际文件名(大小写正确)

original answer from cspirz .

这里有一个函数,给定绝对路径、相对路径或网络路径,它将返回带有大写/小写字母的路径,正如它在Windows上显示的那样。如果路径的某个组件不存在,它将返回从该点传入的路径。

std::wstring GetActualPathName( const wchar_t* path )
{
    // This is quite involved, but the meat is SHGetFileInfo

    const wchar_t kSeparator = L'\\';

    // copy input string because we'll be temporary modifying it in place
    size_t length = wcslen(path);
    wchar_t buffer[MAX_PATH];
    memcpy( buffer, path, (length+1) * sizeof(path[0]) );

    size_t i = 0;

    std::wstring result;

    // for network paths (\\server\share\RestOfPath), getting the display
    // name mangles it into unusable form (e.g. "\\server\share" turns
    // into "share on server (server)"). So detect this case and just skip
    // up to two path components
    if( length >= 2 && buffer[0] == kSeparator && buffer[1] == kSeparator )
    {
        int skippedCount = 0;
        i = 2; // start after '\\'
        while( i < length && skippedCount < 2 )
        {
            if( buffer[i] == kSeparator )
                ++skippedCount;
            ++i;
        }

        result.append( buffer, i );
    }
    // for drive names, just add it uppercased
    else if( length >= 2 && buffer[1] == L':' )
    {
        result += towupper(buffer[0]);
        result += L':';
        if( length >= 3 && buffer[2] == kSeparator )
        {
            result += kSeparator;
            i = 3; // start after drive, colon and separator
        }
        else
        {
            i = 2; // start after drive and colon
        }
    }

    size_t lastComponentStart = i;
    bool addSeparator = false;

    while( i < length )
    {
        // skip until path separator
        while( i < length && buffer[i] != kSeparator )
            ++i;

        if( addSeparator )
            result += kSeparator;

        // if we found path separator, get real filename of this
        // last path name component
        bool foundSeparator = (i < length);
        buffer[i] = 0;
        SHFILEINFOW info;

        // nuke the path separator so that we get real name of current path component
        info.szDisplayName[0] = 0;
        if( SHGetFileInfoW( buffer, 0, &info, sizeof(info), SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME ) )
        {
            result += info.szDisplayName;
        }
        else
        {
            // most likely file does not exist.
            // So just append original path name component.
            result.append( buffer + lastComponentStart, i - lastComponentStart );
        }

        // restore path separator that we might have nuked before
        if( foundSeparator )
            buffer[i] = kSeparator;

        ++i;
        lastComponentStart = i;
        addSeparator = true;
    }

    return result;
}

再次感谢cspirz为我指出SHGetFileInfo。

SHGetFileInfo?

还有另一个解决办法。首先调用GetShortPathName(),然后调用GetLongPathName()。猜猜接下来将使用什么字符大小写?;-)

好的,这是VBScript,但即使如此,我还是建议使用Scripting.FileSystemObject对象

Dim fso
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Dim f
Set f = fso.GetFile("C:\testfile.dat") 'actually named "testFILE.dAt"
wscript.echo f.Name

testFILE.dAt

希望这至少为你指明了正确的方向。

刚发现 Scripting.FileSystemObject 十年前@bugmagnet提出的建议是一笔财富。与我以前的方法不同,它适用于绝对路径、相对路径、UNC路径和非常长的路径(路径比 MAX_PATH

为了将来的参考,我想介绍这段代码,可以用C和C++模式编译。在C++模式下,代码将使用STL和ATL。在C模式下,您可以清楚地看到幕后的一切工作。

#include <Windows.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#include <conio.h> // for _getch()

#ifndef __cplusplus
#   include <stdio.h>

#define SafeFree(p, fn) \
    if (p) { fn(p); (p) = NULL; }

#define SafeFreeCOM(p) \
    if (p) { (p)->lpVtbl->Release(p); (p) = NULL; }


static HRESULT CorrectPathCasing2(
    LPCWSTR const pszSrc, LPWSTR *ppszDst)
{
    DWORD const clsCtx = CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER;
    LCID const lcid = LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT;
    LPCWSTR const pszProgId = L"Scripting.FileSystemObject";
    LPCWSTR const pszMethod = L"GetAbsolutePathName";
    HRESULT hr = 0;
    CLSID clsid = { 0 };
    IDispatch *pDisp = NULL;
    DISPID dispid = 0;
    VARIANT vtSrc = { VT_BSTR };
    VARIANT vtDst = { VT_BSTR };
    DISPPARAMS params = { 0 };
    SIZE_T cbDst = 0;
    LPWSTR pszDst = NULL;

    // CoCreateInstance<IDispatch>(pszProgId, &pDisp)

    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pszProgId, &clsid);
    if (FAILED(hr)) goto eof;

    hr = CoCreateInstance(&clsid, NULL, clsCtx,
        &IID_IDispatch, (void**)&pDisp);
    if (FAILED(hr)) goto eof;
    if (!pDisp) {
        hr = E_UNEXPECTED; goto eof;
    }

    // Variant<BSTR> vtSrc(pszSrc), vtDst;
    // vtDst = pDisp->InvokeMethod( pDisp->GetIDOfName(pszMethod), vtSrc );

    hr = pDisp->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pDisp, NULL,
        (LPOLESTR*)&pszMethod, 1, lcid, &dispid);
    if (FAILED(hr)) goto eof;

    vtSrc.bstrVal = SysAllocString(pszSrc);
    if (!vtSrc.bstrVal) {
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; goto eof;
    }
    params.rgvarg = &vtSrc;
    params.cArgs = 1;
    hr = pDisp->lpVtbl->Invoke(pDisp, dispid, NULL, lcid,
        DISPATCH_METHOD, &params, &vtDst, NULL, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr)) goto eof;
    if (!vtDst.bstrVal) {
        hr = E_UNEXPECTED; goto eof;
    }

    // *ppszDst = AllocWStrCopyBStrFrom(vtDst.bstrVal);

    cbDst = SysStringByteLen(vtDst.bstrVal);
    pszDst = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),
        HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, cbDst + sizeof(WCHAR));
    if (!pszDst) {
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; goto eof;
    }
    CopyMemory(pszDst, vtDst.bstrVal, cbDst);
    *ppszDst = pszDst;

eof:
    SafeFree(vtDst.bstrVal, SysFreeString);
    SafeFree(vtSrc.bstrVal, SysFreeString);
    SafeFreeCOM(pDisp);
    return hr;
}

static void Cout(char const *psz)
{
    printf("%s", psz);
}

static void CoutErr(HRESULT hr)
{
    printf("Error HRESULT 0x%.8X!\n", hr);
}

static void Test(LPCWSTR pszPath)
{
    LPWSTR pszRet = NULL;
    HRESULT hr = CorrectPathCasing2(pszPath, &pszRet);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        wprintf(L"Input: <%s>\n", pszPath);
        CoutErr(hr);
    }
    else {
        wprintf(L"Was: <%s>\nNow: <%s>\n", pszPath, pszRet);
        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pszRet);
    }
}


#else // Use C++ STL and ATL
#   include <iostream>
#   include <iomanip>
#   include <string>
#   include <atlbase.h>

static HRESULT CorrectPathCasing2(
    std::wstring const &srcPath,
    std::wstring &dstPath)
{
    HRESULT hr = 0;
    CComPtr<IDispatch> disp;
    hr = disp.CoCreateInstance(L"Scripting.FileSystemObject");
    if (FAILED(hr)) return hr;

    CComVariant src(srcPath.c_str()), dst;
    hr = disp.Invoke1(L"GetAbsolutePathName", &src, &dst);
    if (FAILED(hr)) return hr;

    SIZE_T cch = SysStringLen(dst.bstrVal);
    dstPath = std::wstring(dst.bstrVal, cch);
    return hr;
}

static void Cout(char const *psz)
{
    std::cout << psz;
}

static void CoutErr(HRESULT hr)
{
    std::wcout
        << std::hex << std::setfill(L'0') << std::setw(8)
        << "Error HRESULT 0x" << hr << "\n";
}

static void Test(std::wstring const &path)
{
    std::wstring output;
    HRESULT hr = CorrectPathCasing2(path, output);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::wcout << L"Input: <" << path << ">\n";
        CoutErr(hr);
    }
    else {
        std::wcout << L"Was: <" << path << ">\n"
            << "Now: <" << output << ">\n";
    }
}

#endif


static void TestRoutine(void)
{
    HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL);

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        Cout("CoInitialize failed!\n");
        CoutErr(hr);
        return;
    }

    Cout("\n[ Absolute Path ]\n");
    Test(L"c:\\uSers\\RayMai\\docuMENTs");
    Test(L"C:\\WINDOWS\\SYSTEM32");

    Cout("\n[ Relative Path ]\n");
    Test(L".");
    Test(L"..");
    Test(L"\\");

    Cout("\n[ UNC Path ]\n");
    Test(L"\\\\VMWARE-HOST\\SHARED FOLDERS\\D\\PROGRAMS INSTALLER");

    Cout("\n[ Very Long Path ]\n");
    Test(L"\\\\?\\C:\\VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME\\"
        L"VERYVERYVERYLOOOOOOOONGFOLDERNAME");

    Cout("\n!! Worth Nothing Behavior !!\n");
    Test(L"");
    Test(L"1234notexist");
    Test(L"C:\\bad\\PATH");

    CoUninitialize();
}

int main(void)
{
    TestRoutine();
    _getch();
    return 0;
}

截图:

旧答案:

FindFirstFile() 将在中返回正确的大小写文件名(路径的最后一部分) fd.cFileName . 如果我们通过 c:\winDOWs\exPLORER.exe FindFirstFile() 这个 fd.cFileName 会是 explorer.exe 这样地:

如果我们将路径的最后一部分替换为 fd.cFileName ,我们将得到正确的最后一部分;这条路将变成 c:\winDOWs\explorer.exe

假设路径始终是绝对路径(文本长度不变),我们可以将此“算法”应用于路径的每个部分(驱动器号部分除外)。

Talk很便宜,下面是代码:

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
    c:\windows\windowsupdate.log --> c:\windows\WindowsUpdate.log
*/
static HRESULT MyProcessLastPart(LPTSTR szPath)
{
    HRESULT hr = 0;
    HANDLE hFind = NULL;
    WIN32_FIND_DATA fd = {0};
    TCHAR *p = NULL, *q = NULL;
    /* thePart = GetCorrectCasingFileName(thePath); */
    hFind = FindFirstFile(szPath, &fd);
    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        hFind = NULL; goto eof;
    }
    /* thePath = thePath.ReplaceLast(thePart); */
    for (p = szPath; *p; ++p);
    for (q = fd.cFileName; *q; ++q, --p);
    for (q = fd.cFileName; *p = *q; ++p, ++q);
eof:
    if (hFind) { FindClose(hFind); }
    return hr;
}

/*
    Important! 'szPath' should be absolute path only.
    MUST NOT SPECIFY relative path or UNC or short file name.
*/
EXTERN_C
HRESULT __stdcall
CorrectPathCasing(
    LPTSTR szPath)
{
    HRESULT hr = 0;
    TCHAR *p = NULL;
    if (GetFileAttributes(szPath) == -1) {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); goto eof;
    }
    for (p = szPath; *p; ++p)
    {
        if (*p == '\\' || *p == '/')
        {
            TCHAR slashChar = *p;
            if (p[-1] == ':') /* p[-2] is drive letter */
            {
                p[-2] = toupper(p[-2]);
                continue;
            }
            *p = '\0';
            hr = MyProcessLastPart(szPath);
            *p = slashChar;
            if (FAILED(hr)) goto eof;
        }
    }
    hr = MyProcessLastPart(szPath);
eof:
    return hr;
}

int main()
{
    TCHAR szPath[] = TEXT("c:\\windows\\EXPLORER.exe");
    HRESULT hr = CorrectPathCasing(szPath);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, szPath, TEXT("Test"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
    }
    return 0;
}

优势:

• 该代码适用于自Windows95以来的所有Windows版本。
• 可能的最高性能。 速度非常快,直接的缓冲区操作使速度更快。
• 只有C和纯WinAPI。小的可执行文件大小。

缺点:

• 仅支持绝对路径,其他为未定义的行为。
• 不确定它是否依赖于未记录的行为。
• 代码可能太原始,对某些人来说太过DIY。可能会让你发火。

代码样式背后的原因:

我用 goto 后藤 对于C语言中的错误处理非常方便。我用 for 循环以执行以下功能: strcpy 和 strchr 因为我想确定实际执行的是什么。

FindFirstFileNameW 将有一些缺点:

• 它在UNC路径上不起作用
• 它会剥离驱动器号,因此您需要将其添加回去
• 如果您的文件有多个硬链接,您需要确定正确的链接

经过快速测试, GetLongPathName()