你不能同时最大限度地提高随机性和公平性,所以一个人必须付出。我认为你不应该冒着对你妻子不公平的风险,所以公平必须占上风!

以牺牲随机性为代价的公平

这种方法按时间降序对项目进行排序,然后将它们随机分配给每个人,除非分配不公平。

这里的公平计算是,最大时间差最多应该是最快任务的持续时间。

$DescendingOrder = $Taches.Keys | Sort-Object -Descending { $Taches[$_] }

$Measures = $Taches.Values | Measure-Object -Sum -Minimum
$UnfairLimit = ($Measures.Sum + $Measures.Minimum) / 2

$Person1 = @{}
$Person2 = @{}

$Total1 = 0
$Total2 = 0

foreach ($Item in $DescendingOrder) {

    $Time = $Taches[$Item]
    $Choice = Get-Random 2

    if (($Choice -eq 0) -and (($Total1 + $Time) -gt $UnfairLimit)) {
        $Choice = 1
    }

    if (($Choice -eq 1) -and (($Total2 + $Time) -gt $UnfairLimit)) {
        $Choice = 0
    }

    if ($Choice -eq 0) {
        $Person1[$Item] = $Time
        $Total1 += $Time
    } else {
        $Person2[$Item] = $Time
        $Total2 += $Time
    }
}

示例运行:

PS> $Person1 | ConvertTo-Json

{
    "Comptoir":  5,
    "Lavabos":  10,
    "Litières":  5,
    "Couvertures lit":  5,
    "Douche":  15,
    "Lave-Vaisselle":  10
}

另一个人:

PS> $Person2 | ConvertTo-Json

{
    "Moppe plancher":  20,
    "Toilette":  5,
    "Balayeuse plancher":  20,
    "Poubelles":  5,
    "Poele":  5
}

以牺牲公平为代价的随机性

这种方法是随机化列表,遍历每个项目,然后将其分配给迄今为止分配给它们的时间最少的人。

早期的决定可能意味着以后的决定最终是不公平的。

$RandomOrder = $Taches.Keys | Sort-Object { Get-Random }

$Person1 = @{}
$Person2 = @{}

$Total1 = 0
$Total2 = 0

foreach ($Item in $RandomOrder) {

    $Time = $Taches[$Item]

    if ($Total1 -lt $Total2) {
        $Person1[$Item] = $Time
        $Total1 += $Time
    } else {
        $Person2[$Item] = $Time
        $Total2 += $Time
    }
}

示例运行:

PS> $Person1 | ConvertTo-Json

{
    "Poele":  5,
    "Douche":  15,
    "Couvertures lit":  5,
    "Lave-Vaisselle":  10,
    "Balayeuse plancher":  20,
    "Toilette":  5
}

另一个人:

PS> $Person2 | ConvertTo-Json

{
    "Lavabos":  10,
    "Comptoir":  5,
    "Poubelles":  5,
    "Litières":  5,
    "Moppe plancher":  20
}

你也许应该编写一个算法,让你总是在舍入误差中承担额外的任务(幸福的妻子,幸福的生活)。

这可能是设计过度,但我对这个问题很感兴趣,并在这个过程中学习了一些法语。

$Taches = @{
"Balayeuse plancher" = 20
"Moppe plancher" = 20
"Douche" = 15
"Litières" = 5
"Poele" = 5
"Comptoir" = 5
"Lave-Vaisselle" = 10
"Toilette" = 5
"Lavabos" = 10
"Couvertures lit" = 5
"Poubelles" = 5
}

$target = 0
$epsilon = 5

# copy if you don't want to destroy original list (not needed probably)
# put all entries in first list.
# randomly move entry to p2 if count over target +/- epsilon 
# randomly move entry from p2 if count under target +/- epsilon 
# (unless you know you can always get exactly target and not loop forever trying)
$p1 = @{} # person 1
$p2 = @{} # person 2
$p1Total = 0 # optimizaton to not have to walk entire list and recalculate constantly
$p2Total = 0 # might as well track this too...
$Taches.Keys | % {
    $p1.Add($_, $Taches[$_])
    $p1Total += $Taches[$_]
    $target += $Taches[$_]
    }

$target = $target / 2

$done = $false
while (-not $done)
{
    if ($p1Total -gt ($target+$epsilon))
    {
        $item = $p1.Keys | Get-Random
        $value = $p1[$item]
        $p1.Remove($item)
        $p2.Add($item, $value)
        $p1Total -= $value
        $p2Total += $value
        continue
    }
    elseif ($p1Total -lt ($target-$epsilon))
    {
        $item = $p2.Keys | Get-Random
        $value = $p2[$item]
        $p2.Remove($item)
        $p1.Add($item, $value)
        $p1Total += $value
        $p2Total -= $value
        continue
    }

    $done = $true
}

"Final result"
"p1"
$p1Total
$p1

"`np2"
$p2Total
$p2

另一种方法是:

$MinSum  = ($Taches.Values | Measure-Object -Minimum ).Minimum
$HalfSum = ($Taches.Values | Measure-Object -Sum ).Sum / 2
do {
    $sum = 0
    $All = $Taches.GetEnumerator() | 
        Get-Random -Count $Taches.Keys.Count
    $Me = $All | ForEach-Object { 
        if ( $Sum -lt $HalfSum - $MinSum ) { 
            $Sum += $_.value
            @{ $_.Key = $_.Value }
        }
    }
    Write-Host "$sum " -NoNewline   # debugging output
}  until ($sum -eq 50 )

$Em = $Taches.Keys | ForEach-Object {
    if ( $_ -notin $Me.Keys ) {
        @{ $_ = $Taches.$_ }
    }
}
# show "fairness" (task count vs. task cost) 
$Me.Values | Measure-Object -Sum | Select-Object -Property Count, Sum
$Em.Values | Measure-Object -Sum | Select-Object -Property Count, Sum

样本输出 (S):

PS D:\PShell> D:\PShell\SO\54610011.ps1
50 
Count Sum
----- ---
    4  50
    7  55

PS D:\PShell> D:\PShell\SO\54610011.ps1
65 65 50 
Count Sum
----- ---
    6  50
    5  55

回答很好,伙计们,学到了很多。以下是我在Reddit上的“Fischfreund”所做的事情( https://www.reddit.com/r/PowerShell/comments/aovs8s/get_random_items_from_hashtable_but_the_total_of/eg3ytds )

他的方法非常简单,但我一点也没想到。

第一个哈希表:随机数5,直到和为50。然后创建第二个哈希表,其中项不在第一个哈希表中!我将第一个包含5个项目的hahstable分配给我的妻子,所以我总是有一个额外的任务(就像kory建议的那样)。我安全了。

$Taches = @{

    "Balayeuse plancher" = 20
    "Moppe plancher"     = 20
    "Douche"             = 15
    "Litières"           = 5
    "Poele"              = 5
    "Comptoir"           = 5
    "Lave-Vaisselle"     = 10
    "Toilette"           = 5
    "Lavabos"            = 10
    "Couvertures lit"    = 5
    "Poubelles"          = 5

}

do {
$Selection1 = $Taches.GetEnumerator() | Get-Random -Count 5
} until (($Selection1.Value | measure -Sum ).Sum -eq 50)


$Selection2 = $Taches.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object {$_ -notin $Selection1}


$Selection1 | select-object @{Name="Personne";expression={"Wife"} },Name,Value
""
$Selection2 | select-object @{Name="Personne";expression={"Me"} },Name,Value