我相信prop(“checked”,{value})不会触发change事件,您还需要添加trigger(“change”)
  
  
  
  $(function() {
          $("#slider-range").slider({
            range: true,
            min: 50,
            max: 54,
            values: [50, 54],
            stop: function(event, ui) {
              var selected = [];
              $('input:checkbox[name=temple]').prop("checked", false);
              $("#amount").val("$" + ui.values[0] + " - $" + ui.values[1]);
              for (var i = ui.values[0]; i <= ui.values[1]; i++) {
                selected.push(i);
              }
              $.each(selected, function(index, value) {
                $("input:checkbox[name=temple][value=" + value + "]").prop("checked", true);
                $("input:checkbox[name=temple][value=" + value + "]").trigger("change");
              })
            }
          });
          $("#amount").val("$" + $("#slider-range").slider("values", 0) +
            " - $" + $("#slider-range").slider("values", 1));
        $('input:checkbox[name=temple]').on('change', function() {
          if ($(this).prop("checked")){
            console.log('Checked');
          } else {
            console.log('Un Checked');
          }
        });
});