如何通过plpgsql从postgres获取表的主键?

上面的查询非常糟糕,因为它非常慢。

我建议这个官方版本:

http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Retrieve_primary_key_columns

如果需要模式,查询如下

SELECT               
  pg_attribute.attname, 
  format_type(pg_attribute.atttypid, pg_attribute.atttypmod) 
FROM pg_index, pg_class, pg_attribute, pg_namespace 
WHERE 
  pg_class.oid = 'foo'::regclass AND 
  indrelid = pg_class.oid AND 
  nspname = 'public' AND 
  pg_class.relnamespace = pg_namespace.oid AND 
  pg_attribute.attrelid = pg_class.oid AND 
  pg_attribute.attnum = any(pg_index.indkey)
 AND indisprimary

要直接提供一点SQL,可以使用以下命令列出主键列及其类型:

SELECT c.column_name, c.data_type
FROM information_schema.table_constraints tc 
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu USING (constraint_schema, constraint_name) 
JOIN information_schema.columns AS c ON c.table_schema = tc.constraint_schema
  AND tc.table_name = c.table_name AND ccu.column_name = c.column_name
WHERE constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' and tc.table_name = 'mytable';

看一看 pg_constraint 系统表。或 information_schema.table_constraints 查看您是否喜欢接近SQL标准。

对于完整的示例,请使用 psql 带有“-e”选项和类型 \d <some_table> -您将看到描述表时使用的实际查询。

以下 SQL 声明对我有效:

SELECT a.attname
FROM   pg_index i
JOIN   pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = i.indrelid
                     AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
WHERE  i.indrelid = 'tablename'::regclass
AND    i.indisprimary;

它是直接从 here .

注意索引中的列顺序与表的列顺序不同。(例如,如果主键使用了列3、2和1)

下面的查询要复杂得多,但以正确的顺序返回列。(删除“unimprimary”子句以获取表上所有索引的相同信息)

WITH ndx_list AS
(
    SELECT pg_index.indexrelid
      FROM pg_index, pg_class
     WHERE pg_class.relname = 'test_indices_table'
       AND pg_class.oid = pg_index.indrelid
       AND pg_index.indisprimary
), ndx_cols AS
(
   SELECT pg_class.relname AS index_name, UNNEST(i.indkey) AS col_ndx, i.indisunique, i.indisprimary
     FROM pg_class, pg_index i
    WHERE pg_class.oid = i.indexrelid
      AND pg_class.oid IN (SELECT indexrelid FROM ndx_list)
)
  SELECT ndx_cols.index_name, ndx_cols.indisunique, ndx_cols.indisprimary,
         a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod), a.attnum
    FROM pg_class c, pg_attribute a
    JOIN ndx_cols ON (a.attnum = ndx_cols.col_ndx)
   WHERE c.oid = 'test_indices_table'::regclass
     AND a.attrelid = c.oid

使用保留列顺序 generate_subscripts :

SELECT
  a.attname,
  format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) 
FROM
  pg_attribute a
  JOIN (SELECT *, GENERATE_SUBSCRIPTS(indkey, 1) AS indkey_subscript FROM pg_index) AS i
    ON
      i.indisprimary
      AND i.indrelid = a.attrelid
      AND a.attnum = i.indkey[i.indkey_subscript]
WHERE
  a.attrelid = 'your_table'::regclass
ORDER BY
  i.indkey_subscript

SELECT
   conrelid::regclass AS table_from,
   conname,
   pg_get_constraintdef ( c.oid )
FROM
   pg_constraint c
   JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.connamespace
WHERE
   contype IN ( 'f', 'p ' )
   AND conrelid::regclass::TEXT IN ( 'foo' )

ORDER BY
   conrelid::regclass::TEXT,
   contype DESC