你需要的选择器是
.input-control>input[type=text]~i.fas
.input-control>input[type=text]~i.fas {
position: absolute;
transform: translate(-1.5em, .2em);
}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.1.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha512-KfkfwYDsLkIlwQp6LFnl8zNdLGxu9YAA1QvwINks4PhcElQSvqcyVLLD9aMhXd13uQjoXtEKNosOWaZqXgel0g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
<div class="mb-3 input-control">
<label for="full-name">Full name\User name</label><br>
<p>*You can only have on user name per e-mail account</p>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="full-name" name="full-name" placeholder="Full name">
<i class="fas fa-check-circle"></i>
</div>
<div class="mb-3 input-control">
<label for="full-name2">Full name\User name</label><br>
<p>*You can only have on user name per e-mail account</p>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="full-name2" name="full-name" placeholder="Full name">
<i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle"></i>
<small class="error-name">error</small>
</div>