春季数据JPA-回归未来

我试图异步保存实体并返回结果的未来,但我遇到了以下问题:

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
//import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

// I must extend Repository because when I extended JpaRepository an argument 
// of save is ambigous when I try save(countryEntity) - compiler shows me 
// save (CountryEntity) in AsyncCountryRepository and save (S) in CrudRepository
public interface AsyncCountryRepository extends Repository<CountryEntity, Long> {

    // I don't know why I cannot return Future<CountryEntity>
    @Async
    <S extends CountryEntity> Future<S> save(CountryEntity countryEntity);

    // I cannot test it - test is below
    @Async
    CompletableFuture<CountryEntity> findByCode(String code);

}


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CountryRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private AsyncCountryRepository countryRepository;

    @Test
    public void findByCodeTest() throws Exception {
        // given
        final CountryEntity countryEntity = new CountryEntity("EN");

        final CountryEntity persisted = entityManager.persist(countryEntity);
        entityManager.flush();

        // when
        final Future<CountryEntity> byCode = countryRepository.findByCode(persisted.getCode());

        // then
        assertThat(byCode.get())
                .isEqualTo(persisted);
    }

expected:<CountryEntity(id=1, code=EN)> but was:<null>

如何将我的存储库实现为异步存储库,以及如何测试它?

哪种方法性能更好: 2.在ExecutorService中以可调用的方式运行存储库方法 ?