如何根据字符串向量选择数据帧的列,以确保完全一致?

我们也可以使用 matches

df %>%
    select(matches("(NewYork)|(SanFrancisco)_.*")

您可以尝试:

df[grep("^(NewYork|SanFrancisco)_", names(df))]
#df[grep(paste0("^(", paste0(name_list, collapse="|"), ")_"), names(df))] #Alternative using the name_list
#  NewYork_10 NewYork_20 SanFrancisco_10 SanFrancisco_20
#1          1          1               1               1

或使用 dplyr::select

library(tidyverse)
df %>% select(matches("^(NewYork|SanFrancisco)_"))
#  NewYork_10 NewYork_20 SanFrancisco_10 SanFrancisco_20
#1          1          1               1               1

哪里 ^ 是字符串的开始, (NewYork|SanFrancisco) 比赛 NewYork 或 SanFrancisco 然后 _ .

或者使用 startsWith :

df[Reduce(`|`, lapply(paste0(name_list, "_"), startsWith, x=names(df)))]
#  NewYork_10 NewYork_20 SanFrancisco_10 SanFrancisco_20
#1          1          1               1               1

数据(取自@benson23)

df <- data.frame(NewYork_10 = 1,
           NewYork_20 = 1,
           NewYork3_10 = 1,
           NewYork3_20 = 1,
           NewYork4_10 = 1,
           NewYork4_20 = 1,
           HongKong_10 = 1,
           HongKong_20 = 1,
           SanFrancisco_10 = 1,
           SanFrancisco_20 = 1)

name_list <- c("NewYork", "SanFrancisco")